风震联合作用下大跨度悬索桥的易损性分析

Vulnerability analysis of long-span suspension bridges under wind-seismic combined effect

摘要

大跨度桥梁在全寿命周期内会受到多种自然或人为灾害的影响。相较单一灾害, 大跨度桥梁在多灾害作用下的致灾机理更为复杂。为了探讨大跨度悬索桥在风震联合作用下的多灾害易损性问题, 建立有限元模型, 分别对单一荷载及风震联合作用下的结构动力响应进行数值模拟, 以地震动峰值地面加速度 (PGA) 和风速作为地震动和风荷载的强度指标, 选取桥梁结构的桥塔塔底截面曲率为损伤指标, 建立不同灾害作用下桥梁结构的概率需求模型, 绘制单灾害易损性曲线和多灾害易损性曲面, 进而评估不同灾害强度组合工况下的结构损伤概率, 对单一灾害作用和风震联合作用的桥梁结构易损性分析结果进行对比。研究结果表明: 单一荷载作用下大跨度悬索桥的动力响应随荷载强度增加而增大, 其中风致响应具有方向敏感性且存在风速阈值, 超越后结构破坏概率呈非线性增加。风震联合作用下桥梁各损伤状态的破坏概率随 PGA 与风速呈非线性增长, 且显著大于单一灾害作用的直接叠加。

Abstract

Long-span bridges are subject to various natural or man-made disasters in their whole life cycle. Compared with a single disaster, the disaster-causing mechanism of long-span bridges under multiple disasters is more complicated. To investigate the multi-disaster vulnerability of long-span suspension bridges under wind-seismic combined effects, a finite element model was established to numerically simulate the structural dynamic response under the single load and wind-seismic combined effects. The peak ground acceleration (PGA) and wind speed were used as the strength indexes of ground motion and wind load, and the curvature of the bottom section of the bridge tower was selected as the damage index. The probability demand model of bridge structure under different disasters was established, and the single disaster vulnerability curve and multi-disaster vulnerability surface were drawn to evaluate the structural damage probability under different disaster intensity combinations. The vulnerability analysis results of bridge structures under the action of a single disaster and wind-seismic combined effects were compared. The results show that the dynamic response of long-span suspension bridges under single load increases with the increase of load intensity. The wind-induced response is direction-sensitive and has a wind speed threshold, and the failure probability of the structure increases nonlinearly after exceeding that threshold. The failure probability of each damage state of the bridge under wind-seismic combined effects increases nonlinearly with PGA and wind speed, and is significantly greater than the direct superposition of single disasters.

关键词

大跨度悬索桥 / 风震联合作用 / 损伤指标 / 易损性分析

Key words

long-span suspension bridge / wind-seismic combined effects / damage index / vulnerability analysis

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(52208266)

山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2025QC526)