湖北咸丰忠建河大鲵国家级自然保护区两栖爬行动物多样性研究
陈李溶 , 米思思 , 何垒 , 李运 , 詹鹏 , 刘虹
中南民族大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (01) : 129 -136.
湖北咸丰忠建河大鲵国家级自然保护区两栖爬行动物多样性研究
Amphibian and reptile diversity of Xianfeng Zhongjianhe Giant Salamander National Nature Reserve, Hubei Province
湖北咸丰忠建河大鲵国家级自然保护区地处湖北省西南部,生物多样性丰富,但两栖、爬行动物系统多样性调查几乎为空白,为了解咸丰忠建河大鲵国家级自然保护区两爬类动物的资源状况,2023至2024年,采用样线法等野外调查结合访问调查等多元手段对保护区进行全方位实地勘查,共记录到两栖、爬行动物72种,其中两栖类2目11科31种,爬行类2目14科41种;含国家I级重点保护野生动物1种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物3种,湖北省重点保护野生动物17种;中国生物多样性红色名录动物极危(CR)2种、濒危(EN)3种、易危(VU)和近危(NT)各7种.区系成分组成上,东洋界物种具有明显优势,其次为广布种;生态型层面,两栖类以陆栖静水型居多,流水型与静水型最少.保护区核心区域展马河水域段多次观测到大鲵幼体活动迹象,证实该保护区大鲵野外自然繁育成功.本次调查进一步掌握了忠建河大鲵国家级自然保护区两爬类动物的资源现状,有助于保护区内重点保护物种的关键栖息地和繁育区域的保护,为保护区制定相关保护和管理措施提供了科学依据.
The Zhongjianhe Giant Salamander National Nature Reserve, located in the southwestern region of Hubei Province, China, is renowned for its rich biodiversity. However, the amphibian and reptile fauna of this reserve remains remarkably unexplored. To address this knowledge gap, comprehensive field surveys were conducted from 2023 to 2024, employing transect sampling and local interviews to assess the diversity and distribution of herpetofauna within the reserve. A total of 72 species were recorded, including 31 amphibian species (2 orders, 11 families) and 41 reptile species (2 orders, 14 families). Among these, one species was identified as a National Class I Key Protected Wild Animal, three species as National Class II, and 17 as Hubei Province Key Protected Wild Animals. Additionally, two species are categorized as Critically Endangered (CR), three as Endangered (EN), and seven each as Vulnerable (VU) and Near Threatened (NT) according to the China Biodiversity Red List. The faunal composition was dominated by Oriental Realm species, followed by widespread species. Ecologically, terrestrial-lentic amphibians were the most prevalent, while lotic species were less common. Repeated observations of juvenile Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) in the Zhanma River, a core area of the reserve, provided compelling evidence of successful natural reproduction in the wild. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of amphibian and reptile diversity within the Zhongjianhe Giant Salamander National Nature Reserve, highlighting the importance of the reserve for the conservation of these species. The findings underscore the need for targeted conservation efforts to protect the critical habitats and breeding grounds of the Chinese giant salamander and other endangered species. This research will serve as a valuable foundation for developing effective conservation and management strategies for the reserve.
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中南民族大学学术创新团队资助项目(XTZ24020)
中南民族大学学术创新团队资助项目(CZD24002)
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