基于sDNA的城市公园可达性测度与空间分异^*

Measurement and Spatial Differentiation of Urban Park Accessibility Based on sDNA

摘要

【目的】构建城市公园可达性测度模型，分析城市公园可达性空间分异特征，提出优化策略，为优化城市公园体系提供重要参考。【方法】以合肥市为研究区，应用sDNA模型，结合道路等级，构建城市公园可达性测度方法，进而应用核密度分析法与空间自相关模型，探讨公园可达性空间分异的特点及原因。【结果】合肥市公园可达性水平分布呈现“北高南低”特征，北部以老城区为峰值集聚区域。合肥市道路可达性呈“全局连续，局部破碎”的特征。公园全局与局部可达性、公园点位与道路可达性、公园可达性与服务人口分布均存在明显空间错位现象。综合公园的整体可达性最好，其他类型公园的可达性相对较弱。【结论】城市公园可达性呈明显空间分异特征，高密度路网区公园可达性较好。未来城市规划应优化公园体系空间布局，统筹公共资源配置，提升服务供需匹配水平。

Abstract

【Objective】The study constructs a measurement model for urban park accessibility, analyzes the spatial differentiation characteristics of accessibility, and proposes optimization strategies, thereby providing important references for optimizing the urban park system. 【Method】Taking Hefei City as the study area, the study adopts the sDNA model, which gives consideration to road grades, to construct a measurement method for urban park accessibility. The kernel density analysis method and the spatial autocorrelation model are then used to discuss the characteristics and causes of the spatial differentiation of park accessibility. 【Result】The park accessibility in Hefei presents a distribution pattern of “higher in the north and lower in the south”. The old town located in the northern part is the peak aggregation area. The road accessibility in Hefei City exhibits the characteristics of “global continuity but local fragmentation”. There are pronounced spatial misalignments in the overall and local accessibility to parks, the accessibility between park locations and roads, and park accessibility and service population distribution. The accessibility of comprehensive parks is generally the best, while the accessibility of other types of parks is relatively worse. 【Conclusion】The accessibility of urban parks shows obvious spatial differentiation. In areas with dense road networks, the park accessibility is better. Therefore, the future urban planning of Hefei City should focus on how to optimize the spatial layout of the park system, coordinate public resource allocation, and improve the alignment of service supply and demand.

关键词

城市公园 / 可达性 / 空间分异 / sDNA / 合肥市

Key words

urban park / accessibility / spatial differentiation / Spatial Design Network Analysis (sDNA) / Hefei City

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基金资助

*国家社会科学基金项目(22BSH085)

安徽省住房城乡建设科学技术计划项目(2023-YF031)

合肥工业大学科研项目(W2022JSFW0959)