城市绿地植物固碳效益研究进展^*

Carbon Sequestration Benefits of Plants in Urban Green Space: Research Progress

摘要

在快速城市化背景下，能源消耗与温室气体排放的增加对气候变化和城市生态压力产生显著影响。城市绿地植物作为重要的碳汇载体，其固碳效益对城市可持续与生态韧性具有重要作用。文章基于1998—2025年的国内外相关文献，系统梳理城市绿地植物固碳研究的发展历程，从植物种类、群落结构以及各类型绿地 (公园绿地、居住区绿地与道路绿地等) 等多个维度分析其固碳能力和影响因素。结果发现: 依据1998—2025年的发文量变化，可以将城市绿地植物固碳研究分为4个阶段。植物的固碳能力不仅取决于植物种类与群落结构，较大尺度上还受到绿地类型、空间格局等综合影响。当前研究已初步形成多尺度、多类型的评估框架，但仍存在不足，即研究对象偏重于乔木，对灌木、草本及复层群落协同固碳效益研究较少；实测与模型方法差异导致结果可比性低，碳汇的量化单位尚未统一；公园绿地关注较多，工业用地等“非典型”附属绿地和防护绿地的碳汇潜力有待挖掘；缺乏系统视角下绿地网络协同固碳效应的深入研究。据此，未来应加强植物群落协同增汇的探讨，完善多尺度碳汇评价体系及加强城市绿地网络尺度的空间优化，为城市绿地碳汇管理及生态规划提供科学支撑。

Abstract

Against the backdrop of rapid urbanization, the increase in energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions has exerted a pronounced impact on climate change and urban ecological pressure. As important carbon sinks, plants in urban green spaces play a vital role in enhancing urban sustainability and ecological resilience. Based on a review of national and international literature in 1998-2025, this study summarizes the research process on plant carbon sequestration in urban green spaces, and analyzes their carbon sequestration capacity and influencing factors from the multiple dimensions of plant species, community structure, and types of green spaces including parks and residential compounds and along roads. The results show that research on carbon sequestration by plants in urban green spaces can be classified into 4 stages based on the amount of literature in 1998-2025. Plants' capacity for carbon storage is not only determined by plant species and community structure but is also influenced by factors such as types of green spaces and spatial patterns on a larger scale. Diversified evaluation frameworks have been constructed on multiple scales, but limitations remain, including excessive attention to arbor tree studies with little research on synergistic carbon storage benefits among shrubs, herbs and multi-layer communities, low comparability of results due to the discrepancy between field measurements and modelling methods and the lack of unified standards for carbon sink quantification, more focused on carbon sink potentials in park green spaces than in the “atypical” ancillary green spaces of such as industrial land and protection green spaces, and a lack of research on synergistic effects of carbon sequestration in green space networks from a systematic perspective. In view of the limitations, future research should strengthen studies on synergistic carbon sequestration in plant communities, improve multi-scale evaluation systems, and enhance the spatial optimization of urban green space networks to provide scientific evidence for carbon sink management and ecological planning of urban green spaces.

关键词

城市绿地 / 固碳效益 / 绿地类型 / 碳中和

Key words

urban green space / carbon sequestration benefit / type of green space / carbon neutrality

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基金资助

*重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(2024NSCQ-MSX4415)

重庆市教委科学技术研究计划项目(KJQN202300757)

重庆市城市管理局项目(城管科字2022第10号)