徽州书院园林室内采光和室内取景的特征———以竹山书院为例
Characteristics of Indoor Daylighting and Indoor View Framing in Huizhou Academy Gardens: A Case Study of Zhushan Academy
【目的】以徽州竹山书院为例,揭示室内采光与室内取景的物理特征、主观感知及其协同调控机制,为传统文教建筑的保护与现代设计传承提供科学依据。【方法】在竹山书院中选取10处典型室内空间,构建室内采光与室内取景的主客观感受的综合评价体系,综合运用实地测量、问卷调查与软件模拟进行数据分析。【结果】1) 书院不同功能空间的采光与室内取景呈现出“光-景重叠”“光-景隔离”“主摄内景”及“内外兼顾”4种典型组合模式;2) 从空间入口至后院游憩区,室内采光与室内取景呈现由封闭收敛渐趋开放多元的序列性变化,实现了由“礼”的功能秩序向“乐”的情感抒发的过渡。【结论】竹山书院通过天井与门窗对室内光环境与视觉景框的精准调控,实现了“礼乐合一、张弛有度”的空间表达。该研究可为徽州传统建筑的差异化修缮提供客观量化依据,并为当代文教建筑的自然引入与氛围营造提供传统范式。
【Objective】Taking Zhushan Academy in Huizhou as the case, the study aims to reveal the physical characteristics, subjective perceptions and collaborative regulation mechanisms underlying indoor daylighting and indoor view framing, thereby providing scientific evidence for the conservation of traditional educational buildings and their inheritance in modern design. 【Method】Ten representative interior spaces are selected within Zhushan Academy to construct a comprehensive system for both subjective and objective perceptions of indoor daylighting and indoor view framing, and field measurements, questionnaire survey and software simulations are adopted for data analysis. 【Result】1) The indoor daylighting and indoor view framing in different functional spaces of the Academy present four typical patterns, including “light-view overlap”, “light-view isolation”, “interior-focused framing” and “indoor-outdoor balance”; and 2) From the spatial entrance to the rear recreational area, the indoor daylighting and indoor view framing exhibit a sequential transition from the enclosed and converged design to the open and diversified trend, realizing a spatial evolution from the functional order of “Ritual” to the emotional expression of “Joy”. 【Conclusion】Zhushan Academy achieves precise regulation of indoor daylighting and indoor view framing through the use of courtyards, doors and windows, and realizes the spatial expression of “the unity of ritual and joy and the balance between tension and relaxation”. This study could provide an objective quantitative reference for the differentiated conservation and restoration of Huizhou traditional architecture, while offering a traditional paradigm for incorporating nature and creating spatial atmospheres in modern educational buildings.
| [1] |
李畅, 黄晓蕙, 钱达 . 古典园林建筑室内天然光营造特征实证:基于怡园的采光模拟[J]. 艺术设计研究, 2022(5): 88-95. |
| [2] |
慎月强, 夏誉, 汪哲弘, |
| [3] |
黄海静, 邱鞠 . 园林空间中光景的营造方式:以巴蜀园林为例[J]. 中国园林, 2019, 35(3): 130-135. |
| [4] |
李渔 . 闲情偶寄[M]. 昆明: 云南人民出版社, 2019. |
| [5] |
計成, 于年湖 . 園冶[M]. 南京: 江苏凤凰出版社, 2018. |
| [6] |
秦佑国 . 声景学的范畴[J]. 建筑学报, 2005(1): 45-46. |
| [7] |
陈意微, 袁晓梅 . 气味景观研究进展[J]. 中国园林, 2017, 33(2): 107-112. |
| [8] |
吴硕贤 . 光景学发凡[J]. 南方建筑, 2017(3): 4-6. |
| [9] |
何礼平, 郑健民 . 我国古代书院园林的文化意义[J]. 中国园林, 2004, 20(8): 1-4. |
| [10] |
周维权 . 中国古典园林史.3版.[M]. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2008. |
| [11] |
李琳琦 . 明清徽州书院的官学化与科举化[J]. 历史研究, 2001(6): 173-176. |
| [12] |
梁南南, 鞠建新 . 从竹山书院略觑我国书院园林的环境特色及文化内在[J]. 中国园林, 2009, 25(3): 59-63. |
| [13] |
李奕昂, 王飒 . 苏州文人园林曲桥路径对视线引导的实验研究[J]. 风景园林, 2019, 26(11): 120-125. |
| [14] |
全国人类工效学标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC7) . 采光测量方法:GB/T 5699—2017[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2017. |
| [15] |
邢西治 . 统计学原理[M]. 南京: 南京大学出版社, 2023. |
| [16] |
张嵩楠 . 江南古典园林自然光影空间光环境及视觉感知特征研究:以瞻园为例[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2022. |
| [17] |
徐剑, 向泽锐, 支锦亦, |
| [18] |
邱坚珍, 魏童, 李雅婷 . 大学校园光景综合评价初探:以华南理工大学五山校区为例[J]. 照明工程学报, 2023, 34(3): 139-148. |
| [19] |
张滨, 李桂文, 赵建平 . SD法在住宅天然光环境视觉质量评价中的应用[J]. 建筑科学, 2010, 26(2): 72-75,123. |
| [20] |
孟兆祯 . 借景浅论[J]. 中国园林, 2012, 28(12): 19-29. |
| [21] |
曹玮, 王晓春, 薛白, |
| [22] |
李成栋 . 川渝地区移民会馆园林空间视线研究[D]. 雅安: 四川农业大学, 2018. |
| [23] |
尚慧琳 . 浅谈电影画面的景别[J]. 电影文学, 2007(20): 99, 123. |
| [24] |
钱泳 . 履园丛话.刻本.[M]. 1838(清道光十八年). |
| [25] |
王建伟, 魏淑敏, 姚瑞, |
| [26] |
李文莉 . 基于SD法的孔目湖公园环境意象评价[J]. 华中建筑, 2018, 36(9): 28-32. |
| [27] |
黄瑛 . 有机更新的城市历史公园规划设计与改造:基于拉萨宗角禄康公园改造的SD法评价[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 33(6): 135-138. |
| [28] |
李晓琼, 谢纯真, 何鸿博 . 基于SD语义差异法的黟县屏山村公共空间优化策略研究[J]. 设计艺术研究, 2023, 13(1): 31—35, 46. |
*安徽省哲学社会科学规划项目(AHSKY2023D096)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |