公园空间环境对视障者活动友好度评估与影响因素^∗

Assessment and Influence Factors of Activity-Friendliness in Park Spatial Environment for the Visually Impaired

摘要

【目的】聚焦公园空间环境中视障者客观活动特征, 解析公园空间环境要素与视障者活动友好度的关联, 为视障者活动友好设计与改造提供基础参考。【方法】建立“视障者-活动行为-公园环境”关系模型, 提取3项视障者活动友好度指标与16项空间环境评价指标, 借助行为观察和可穿戴设备辅助行为与生理信号的采集, 将两组变量进行Spearman相关性分析, 探讨公园空间环境因子与视障者活动友好度的具体关联。【结果】1) 视障者参与公园活动存在一定时空偏好。2) 专项设计单元在铺装安全等方面评分突出, 反映出目前建设方向与成效, 现有改造对视障者活动友好度有明显正反馈。3) 空间参与度、路径障碍度、情绪积极度分别与5项、8项、5项环境因子显著相关, 地形安全、无障碍信息标识及活动组织3项被识别为关键因子。【结论】视障者参与公园活动存在明显时空偏好, 且内部活动受多环境因子的影响。为满足视障者友好活动的需求, 公园空间环境设计应基于视障者活动偏好、友好度影响因素构建空间记忆序列、设置安全防控体系、营造正向感官环境, 从而完善公园面向视障者的资源供给, 促进环境质量的提升。

Abstract

【Objective】The study analyzes the relationship between spatial environmental factors and activitiy-friendliness for the visually impaired in parks, with a focus on their objective activity characteristics in the park spatial environment, thereby providing references for the design and adaptation of environments to be accessible and user-friendly for the visually impaired. 【Method】The relationship model of “the visually impaired-activity behavior-park environment” is established with 3 activity-friendliness quantitative indicators and 16 spatial environment evaluation indicators. Bivariate Spearman correlation analysis is employed to examine the two groups of variables by using behavior observation and the captured behavioral and physiological signals by wearable devices and explore the relationships between spatial environmental factors and activity-friendliness level in parks. 【Result】1) The visually impaired have spatiotemporal preferences to a certain extent when they participate in park activities; 2) The special design unit demonstrates outstanding performance in pavement safety, reflecting the current development trends and outcomes, and current renovations have significant positive feedback on accessibility for the visually impaired; and 3) Spatial participation, obstacle degree of path, and positive emotional engagement are significantly correlated with 5, 8 and 5 environmental factors, respectively. Terrain safety, accessible information signage, and activity organization are identified as the key factors. 【Conclusion】Distinct spatiotemporal preferences over park activities exhibit among the visually impaired, and the internal activities are influenced by multiple environmental factors. To meet the needs of the visually impaired friendly activities, the design of park spatial environments should construct spatial memory sequences, implement safety control systems and create positive sensory environments based on the activity preferences of the visually impaired and the influence factors to friendliness, so as to enhance the resource provision for the visually impaired and contribute to the environmental quality improvement.

关键词

视障者 / 活动友好 / 环境因子 / 可穿戴设备 / 南京市玄武湖公园

Key words

the visually impaired / activity-friendly / environmental factor / wearable device / Xuanwu Lake Park / Nanjing City

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