基于文化视角的乡村古树恢复性效益———以开化县典型古树为例

Restorative Benefits of Ancient Trees in Rural Areas from a Cultural Perspective: A Case Study of Kaihua County

摘要

【目的】乡村古树是地方记忆与乡愁的重要载体，然而现有研究多聚焦于宏观森林环境的康养效益或古树的物质性保护，古树作为“自然－文化”复合载体所具有的独特恢复性潜力尚未得到充分实证。研究旨在探究基于视觉的古树文化刺激对人们身心健康的恢复性效益，探讨如何更好地挖掘、呈现与运用古树的文化叙事，为古树的科学保护与文化内涵的挖掘与融合提供实证依据。【方法】以浙江省开化县典型古树枫香、银杏、香樟为例，采用“实地环境测量”与“实验室受控试验”相结合的研究路径：首先实地测定古树周边的空气负离子浓度、PM_2.5、温度、湿度等环境康养因子，分析其相关性，综合评价环境舒适度与空气清洁度；其次通过室内图像模拟开展受控试验，将60名被试随机分为“视觉文化”组(FC、YC、XC)和“纯视觉”对照组(F、Y、X)，通过便携式脑电仪(记录θ波、γ波及α/β波)、状态－特质焦虑量表(STAI)及文化认同问卷多维度指标，综合评估各组的身心恢复效益与文化认同提升效果。【结果】1)环境舒适度的形成受多种微气候因子耦合影响，古银杏在环境舒适度方面表现最优。2)在诱发生理放松(α/β波显著提升)和主观焦虑缓解(STAI显著降低)方面，古银杏的效果最为突出和稳定；而在提升文化认同方面，古枫香与文化叙事的结合效果最优。【结论】乡村古树不仅具有自然景观的恢复功能，其蕴含的文化叙事能进一步强化身心效益并增强文化认同。研究结果将恢复性环境的研究单元从“景观类型”细化至“树种个体”层面，为古树名木的保护利用从“物质性保护”向“文化－生态一体化保护”的范式转型提供了实证依据。未来应重视文化叙事的呈现方式与介入时机，以充分发挥其在促进公众健康与传承地方文化方面的综合价值。

Abstract

【Objective】Ancient trees in rural areas are the vital carriers of local memory and nostalgia. However, the existent research has focused primarily on the health benefits of macro forest environments or the material-based conservation of ancient trees, while the unique restorative potential of these trees as composite “nature-culture” carriers remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the restorative effects of visually-based cultural stimuli from ancient trees on people’s physical and mental health, and explore ways to better uncover, present and utilize the cultural narratives associated with the ancient trees, thereby providing empirical evidence for their scientific protection and integration of cultural significance. 【Method】Taking typical ancient trees including Liquidambar formosana, Ginkgo biloba, and Cinnamomum camphora in Kaihua County, Zhejiang Province, as examples, this study adopted a combined approach of “field environment measurement” and “laboratory-controlled experiments”. First, environmental wellness factors such as air negative ion concentration, PM2.5, temperature and humidity around the ancient trees are measured in situ to analyze the correlations and comprehensively evaluate environmental comfort and air cleanliness. Second, controlled indoor image simulations are conducted, with 60 participants randomly assigned to “visual culture” groups (FC, YC, XC) and “pure visual” control groups (F, Y, X). Portable EEG devices (recording θ, γ, and α/β waves), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and multidimensional indicators for cultural identity questionnaires are employed to assess the restorative effects on physical and mental health and improvements in cultural identification across groups. 【Result】1) Environmental comfort is influenced by the combined effects of multiple microclimate factors, while ancient ginkgo trees perform best in this terms; and 2) In terms of inducing physiological relaxation (significant increase in α/β waves) and subjective anxiety reduction (significant decrease in STAI scores), ancient ginkgo trees demonstrate the most prominent and consistent effects, whereas the combination of ancient Liquidambar trees with cultural narratives yields the best results in enhancing cultural identification. 【Conclusion】Rural ancient trees not only boast restorative functions of natural landscapes but also enhance psychological and physical health and strengthen cultural identity through embedded cultural narratives. By refining the research unit for restorative environment from “landscape type” to “individual species”, this study provides the empirical evidence for transitioning the protection and utilization of ancient and famous trees from “material-based preservation” toward an “integrated culture-ecosystem conservation”. Future efforts should emphasize the presentation methods and intervention timing of cultural narratives to fully realize their comprehensive values in promoting public health and preserving local heritage.

关键词

古树名木 / 恢复性环境 / 文化叙事 / 植物应用

Key words

ancient and famous tree / restorative environment / cultural narrative / plant application

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基金资助

*国家自然科学基金面上项目(52278084)

开化古树名木保护与研究(H20240700)