不同园林绿化废弃物源生物炭改良杜鹃花种植土壤及其促生效果^∗

Biochar Derived from Different Garden Waste Sources for Amelioration of Rhododendron Cultivation Soil and Its Growth-Promoting Effects

摘要

【目的】探究不同类型园林绿化废弃物源生物炭对城市园林种植土壤改良和绿化景观植物生长的影响，为绿废定向制备园林种植土壤改良材料提供科学依据，助力园林绿化绿色低碳循环发展。【方法】以亚热带阔叶林城市森林公园典型赤红壤为供试土壤、常见的园林绿化景观灌木杜鹃花( Rhododendron simsii)为供试植物，选取3种本地常见园林绿化废弃物—草本(大叶油草)、乔木(桉树和樟树)制备生物炭，通过室外盆栽试验，探究其在两种添加比例(0.2%和1.0%，m/m)下对绿化种植土壤理化性质、酶活性及杜鹃花生长与养分吸收的影响。【结果】生物炭显著提高土壤pH、电导率、全磷和速效钾含量，增幅分别为4.31%~18.27%、4.76%~35.27%、51.34%~100.59%和22.15%~136.79%，同时降低了铵态氮(20.00%~70.58%)与硝态氮(54.36%~84.00%)含量。生物炭对土壤酶活性影响因生物质来源和添加量而不同:与对照相比，土壤脲酶活性提高13.00%~32.05%，淀粉酶活性下降7.88%~21.47%，中性磷酸酶在0.2%添加量下活性较高，而在1.0%时受抑制。0.2%桉树生物炭可显著提高中性磷酸酶和硝酸还原酶活性，0.2%大叶油草生物炭则显著提升中性蛋白酶活性。生物炭对杜鹃花具显著促生效应:0.2%桉树生物炭对植株鲜重提升最显著；1.0%樟树生物炭最利于株高与叶片叶绿素含量增加；0.2%桉树和樟树生物炭对根系总体积、总表面积、总投影面积和平均直径提升最优；1.0%桉树生物炭对总根长和总根尖数提升效果最显著。主成分分析表明，0.2%处理有助于根系发育与土壤生物活性提升；1.0%处理则更促进土壤理化性状改良和地上部生长。【结论】推荐以0.2%桉树或樟树生物炭作为亚热带阔叶林城市森林公园绿化种植区土壤改良材料，但在实际应用中需结合目标植物、土壤类型及环境条件进一步优化施用量与施用方式。未来研究可进一步扩大样本量或开展田间验证试验，以增强结论的普适性。

Abstract

【Objective】This study aims to investigate the effects of different types of biochar derived from landscaping waste on the improvement of urban landscaping soil and the growth of ornamental plants, thereby providing scientific evidence for the preparation of materials for landscaping soil improvement using green landscaping wastes and support for the green, low-carbon and circular development of landscaping. 【Method】Using typical lateritic red soil from a subtropical broadleaved urban forest park as the test soil and a common landscaping ornamental shrub Rhododendron simsii as test materials, the experiment selects three types of locally common landscaping wastes including herbaceous ( Axonopus compressus) and arbor species ( Eucalyptus and Cinnamomum camphora) to prepare biochar. An outdoor pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of biochar at two application rates (0.2% and 1.0%, m/m) on the physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of the soil as well as the growth and nutrient uptake of Rhododendron simsii. 【Result】Biochar significantly increases soil pH, electrical conductivity, total phosphorus and available potassium by 4.31%-18.27%, 4.76%-35.27%, 51.34%-100.59% and 22.15%-136.79%, respectively, while reducing the contents of ammonium nitrogen (20.00%-70.58%) and nitrate nitrogen (54.36%-84.00%). The effects of biochar on soil enzyme activities vary with biomass source and application rate. Compared with the control group, soil urease activity increases by 13.00%-32.05%, whereas amylase activity decreases by 7.88%-21.47%. Neutral phosphatase activity is higher at the 0.2% application rate but inhibited at 1.0%. Eucalyptus biochar at 0.2% application rate can significantly enhance neutral phosphatase and nitrate reductase activities, while A. compressus biochar at 0.2% application rate significantly increases neutral protease activity. Biochar significantly promotes the growth of Rh. simsii. Eucalyptus biochar at 0.2% application rate increases plant fresh weight the most notably; C. camphora biochar at 1.0% application rate is most conducive to increasing plant height and leaf chlorophyll content; Eucalyptus and C. camphora biochar at 0.2% application rate perform the best in increasing root total volume, total surface area, total projected area and average diameter; and Eucalyptus biochar at 1.0% application rate enhances the most significantly total root length and total number of root apices. Principal component analysis indicates that 0.2% treatments are more conducive to root development and soil biological activity, whereas 1.0% treatments have the better contribution to soil physicochemical improvement and aboveground growth. 【Conclusion】It is recommended to apply 0.2% Eucalyptus or C. camphora biochar as a soil amendment in the greening areas of subtropical broadleaved urban forest park, but the application amount and methods should be optimized with consideration of target plant, soil type and environment condition in practices. Future research could further enlarge the sample size or carry out field validation trials so as to enhance the universality of the findings.

关键词

生物炭 / 园林绿化废弃物 / 赤红壤 / 杜鹃花 / 土壤改良

Key words

biochar / landscaping waste / lateritic red soil / Rhododendron simsii / soil improvement

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基金资助

*广州市林业和园林局部门预算项目(穗财编 [2025] 2号)