运河导向下商贸型古镇景观空间组织机制特征^*

Characteristics of Landscape Spatial Organization Mechanism for Commerce-oriented Ancient Towns Under Canal Driven Development

摘要

【目的】 系统量化解析京杭大运河对沿线商贸古镇景观空间形态与功能组织的作用机制及其差异化表现, 揭示运河导向下商贸型古镇景观空间组织机制, 为运河文化遗产保护与古镇更新提供理论依据。 【方法】 选取京杭运河山东段临清与台儿庄两座典型商贸古镇为案例, 构建现状模型与基准模型, 综合运用空间句法、 GIS 核密度估计与相关性分析方法, 从 “空间－功能” 互动视角解析运河导向下的景观空间组织特征。【结果】 运河的介入普遍通过提升空间整合度与选择度、 降低平均深度, 优化古镇整体可达性结构, 但其具体作用路径受既有空间基底制约: 临清表现为运河强化主轴并推动商贸功能高度集中, 而台儿庄则体现为运河融入水系街巷网络并支撑多中心的功能复合。 高整合度与高选择度街道是功能集聚的重要空间载体, 商贸设施对滨水空间可达性优势响应更为明显, 文化设施则呈现主核集聚与分散分布并存的特征, 且运河的引入整体增强了空间结构对功能分布的调控作用。【结论】 运河并非单一交通要素, 而是通过重塑空间拓扑结构深度参与古镇景观体系的形成。 运河沿线古镇的保护与更新应由单一河道本体保护转向由运河动力塑造的 “空间－功能” 整体景观遗产单元协同保护, 并依据不同空间结构特征实施差异化更新。

Abstract

【Objective】 This study aims to systematically quantify the action mechanisms of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal on the landscape spatial form and functional organization of commerce-oriented ancient towns along its route and their differentiated manifestation, and reveal the landscape spatial organization mechanism of these commerce-oriented ancient towns under canal-driven development, thereby providing a theoretical basis for canal culture heritage protection and ancient town renewal. 【Method】 Linqing and Taierzhuang, two representative commerce-oriented ancient towns along the Shandong section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, are selected as case studies to construct a current model and a baseline model. Space syntax, GIS-based kernel density estimation, and correlation analysis are applied to analyze the spatial organization characteristics under the canal-driven development from a “space-function” interaction perspective. 【Result】 The Canal generally optimizes the overall accessibility structure of these ancient towns by increasing spatial integration and choice while reducing mean depth. However, the specific action pathways are strongly constrained by the pre-existing spatial substrates. Linqing exhibits a “main-axis reinforcement pattern” where the Canal strengthens the primary commercial axis and drives highly concentrated commercial activities, whereas Taierzhuang presents a “network synergy pattern” where the Canal deeply integrates into the water-street network to support multi-centered functional integration. Streets with high integration and choice values act as key spatial carriers for functional concentration. Commercial facilities respond prominently to the accessibility advantages of waterfront spaces, while cultural facilities display a coexistence of core clustering and dispersed distribution. Overall, the inclusion of the Canal strengthens the regulatory effect of the spatial topology on functional distribution. 【Conclusion】 Rather than acting as a standalone transportation element, the Canal has been actively involved in the formation of the ancient town landscape system by reshaping its spatial topology and increasing its depth. Consequently, the conservation and renewal of the ancient towns alongside the Canal should shift from the protection of the canal channel toward the collaborative protection of integrated “space-function” landscape heritage units shaped by canal dynamics, and differentiated spatial planning strategies should be implemented in line with various spatial structure characteristics.

关键词

景观空间组织 / 文化遗产 / 空间句法 / 京杭运河 / 商贸古镇

Key words

landscape spatial organization / cultural heritage / space syntax / the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal / commerce-oriented ancient town

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基金资助

*教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(25YJAZH069)

天津市哲学社会科学规划项目(TJGL24-012)

天津城建大学研究生科研创新项目(2025YKC003)