西安宗教场所树种组成和多样性特征

Tree Species Composition and Diversity Characteristics of Religious Sites in Xi'an

摘要

【目的】 探明西安宗教场所树种组成与资源现状， 分析场所树种多样性特征， 并评估这类场所对城市生物多样性保护的意义。【方法】 实地调研西安99座佛寺和26座道观内树种， 分析不同宗教场所的树种组成与多样性特征， 探明树种多样性的影响因素， 并与典型城市公园中树种做比较， 探讨两者树种组成的差异。【结果】 西安125座宗教场所中共记录树种153种， 隶属56科103属， 包含16种受威胁树种、 87种乡土树种和29种古树； 佛寺与道观的树种组成特征和多样性水平相近， 但道观的树种整体多样性与均匀性比佛寺稍好； 佛寺与道观的树种组成呈现较高异质性， 即不同单体之间树种组成相似度较低； 宗教场所面积是影响树种多样性的主导因子， 面积越大， 树种多样性越高； 与城市公园相比， 宗教场所的树种丰富度和树木平均密度以及包含的乡土树种和受威胁树种的种类数均高于公园。【结论】 西安宗教场所树种组成结构多样、 资源丰富， 在维持树木多样性方面比城市公园更具优势， 对城市生物多样性保护具有重要意义。

Abstract

【Objective】 To investigate the tree species composition and resource status of religious sites in Xi'an, analyze the diversity characteristics of tree species within these sites, and evaluate the contribution of these sites to urban biodiversity conservation. 【Method】 Field surveys are conducted on tree species in 99 Buddhist temples and 26 Taoist temples in Xi'an to analyze the composition and diversity of tree species in these religious sites and identify factors influencing tree species diversity. Comparisons are made with those in typical urban parks to examine their differences in tree species composition. 【Result】 A total of 153 tree species belonging to 103 genera and 56 families are recorded in 125 religious sites in Xi'an, including 16 threatened species, 87 native species, and 29 ancient trees. The trees in the Buddhist and Taoist temples are similar in species composition and diversity, while Taoist temples are slightly higher in diversity and evenness. Species compositions in these sites are highly heterogeneous, indicating that the similarity in tree species composition among different individuals is relatively low. Area of site is the dominant factor influencing tree species diversity, and the larger the area is, the higher the species diversity will be. Religious sites have higher tree species richness, mean density of trees, and more native and threatened species than urban parks. 【Conclusion】 Religious sites in Xi'an exhibit diverse tree species composition and abundant resources, showing greater advantages than urban parks in maintaining tree diversity, and thus are of great significance for urban biodiversity conservation.

关键词

宗教场所 / 树种多样性 / 生物多样性保护

Key words

religious site / tree species diversity / biodiversity conservation

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基金资助

*陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2023-JC-YB-172)

陕西省哲学社会科学研究专项(2022HZ1813)