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摘要
【目的】 分析苏州市古树名木资源现状, 解析其空间分布格局及驱动因素, 为风景旅游城市古树名木资源的精细化保护与管理提供科学依据与决策支持。【方法】 在 2024 年苏州市古树名木普查的基础上,结合实地调查数据, 运用统计分析与空间分析 (最邻近点指数、 泰森多边形、 核密度) 方法, 结合 ArcGIS10.8 平台对苏州市古树名木资源状况进行可视化与量化研究。【结果】 1) 苏州市现存古树名木 2307 株,隶属 40 科 72 属 92 种, 银杏、 圆柏、 桂花、 枫香、 黄杨、 樟、 榉树、 朴树、 罗汉松、 龙柏 10 个优势树种占总株数的 77.4%; 树龄结构以三级古树为主 (75.76%); 生长势正常的株数占比为 70. 80%, 衰弱与濒危株合计株数占比 26. 83%。 2) 苏州市古树名木呈显著集聚分布, 最邻近点指数为 0. 193, 泰森多边形变异系数高达 473. 5%; 核密度分析识别出以姑苏区为核心, 吴中区太湖沿岸、 虎丘区天平山、 常熟市虞山为次级集聚中心的空间格局; 相关性分析表明, 坡向与古树胸围、 冠幅呈显著 (P<0.05) 负相关, 地形因子主要影响古树个体生长, 自然与人文因素共同塑造古树空间分布格局。【结论】 苏州市古树名木资源丰富,但空间分布具有明显集聚性, 形成 “一核多次心” 空间格局。 地形因子主要影响古树个体生长, 自然地理条件与历史文化环境共同塑造古树空间分布特征; 衰弱和濒危古树占比较高, 古树资源保护仍面临一定压力。 建议实施分区分类保护, 构建古树空间保护网络, 强化 “树-境-文” 协同保护, 推动多主体协同治理, 提高古树名木保护的科学化和精细化水平。
Abstract
This study analyzes the status and spatial distribution patterns of ancient and famous trees in Suzhou and the driving factors behind, aiming to provide a scientific basis and decision-making support for their refined conservation and management in tourism cities. 【Method】 Based on the census of ancient and famous trees in 2024 and the field investigation data, the study employs statistical and spatial analysis (nearest neighbor index, Thiessen polygons and kernel density) with ArcGIS 10.8 to visualize and quantify the characteristics of the ancient and famous tree resource in Suzhou. 【Result】 1) There are 2 307 ancient and famous trees comprising 92 species, 72 genera, and 40 families in Suzhou. Eight dominant species including Ginkgo biloba L., Juniperus chinensis, and Osmanthus fragrans account for 73.04%. In terms of age structure, Grade-III trees dominate, comprising 75.76%; 70.80% of the trees have normal growth, while 26.83% are weakened or endangered; 2) Ancient and famous trees in Suzhou exhibit clustered distribution, with a nearest neighbor index at 0.193 and a Thiessen polygon CV=473.5%. The Kernel density analysis reveals a spatial pattern with Gusu District as the cluster core and with areas alongside Taihu Lake in Wuzhou District, Tianping Mountain in Huqiu District, and Yushan Mountain in Changshu City as the secondary cluster, which has resulted from the interactions between natural topographic and human factors. 【Conclusion】 Ancient and notable tree resources in Suzhou City are abundant but exhibit a markedly clustered spatial distribution, forming a spatial pattern characterized by “one primary core and multiple secondary centers”. Topographic factors mainly influence the growth of individual trees, whereas natural geographical conditions and the historical-cultural environment jointly shape the spatial distribution characteristics of ancient and notable trees. The relatively high proportion of weakened and endangered trees indicates that the conservation of ancient and notable tree resources still faces considerable challenges. It is recommended to implement zone-specific and category-based conservation strategies, establish a spatial conservation network for ancient and notable trees, strengthen the coordinated conservation of “tree-environment-culture”, promote multi-stakeholder collaborative governance, and improve the scientific and refined management of ancient and notable tree resources.
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Key words
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黄玉竹,孙向丽,胡晨靓,王杰青.
苏州市古树名木资源特征与空间格局
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基金资助
*国家自然科学基金面上项目(52178046)