北京市郊野公园环的生境提升优先区域划定及“再野化”修复

Priority Area Delineation and Rewilding Restoration for Habitat Enhancement in Beijing's Country Park Ring

摘要

【目的】以城市重点鸟类为指示类群，综合现状分布聚集特征与未来气候情景下潜在适生区演变，识别生境提升优先区域，提出分类型“再野化”修复策略，以提升区域生境质量，为北京市郊野公园环面向气候变化的生境修复与精细化管理提供科学依据。【方法】以北京市郊野公园环为研究对象，整合鸟类观测大数据、郊野公园分布及未来气候环境因子，采用密度场探测、MaxEnt预测模型将鸟类现状聚集区及未来适生区分布耦合分析，提出对应的修复策略。【结果】1) 识别出重点鸟类现状聚集点152个，聚集点空间分布与现状适生区显著一致；2) 未来3种气候情景下，潜在适生区整体呈北移趋势，北部浅山区及主要河流廊道周边呈现出更稳定的高度一致的适生格局；3) 结合现状聚集点及未来适生区多情景叠加分布，郊野公园环生态空间可划分为稳定适生型、潜在退化型、潜在适生型、低聚集适生型4类，其中潜在适生型聚集点数量占比最高，表明区域生态潜力较大。【结论】未来气候情景下，北京市第二道绿化隔离地区重点鸟类生境整体呈现向北偏移与空间重组的趋势。基于不同生境类型，提出差异化修复路径: 稳定适生型以生态保育与结构优化为主，潜在退化型强化气候韧性与水文调节，潜在适生型以生态引导恢复与廊道连通为主，低聚集适生型侧重破碎化修复与功能整合。

Abstract

【Objective】With key urban bird species as indicator groups, this study integrates their current distribution patterns with potential habitat evolution under future climate scenarios to identify priority areas for habitat enhancement. It also proposes a specific “rewilding” restoration strategy for habitat quality improvement, thereby providing scientific evidence for restoration and refined management of habitats along Beijing's country park ring under the impact of climate change. 【Method】Taking the country park ring in Beijing as the study area, this study incorporates big data on bird observations, country park distribution, and future climate and environmental factors and adopts density field detection and the MaxEnt prediction model to conduct a coupled analysis of current bird distribution areas and future potentially suitable habitats, ultimately proposing corresponding restoration strategies. 【Result】1) A total of 152 current bird hotspots are identified, exhibiting significant spatial consistency with the present suitable habitats; 2) Under three future climate scenarios, potentially suitable habitats exhibit an overall northward movement, while the northern hilly areas and major river corridors demonstrate a more stable and highly consistent suitability pattern; and 3) By integrating current aggregation points with the distribution of future consistent suitable habitats, the ecological space of the country park ring can be classified into four categories, including stable suitable type, potential degradation type, potential suitable type, and low suitability type. Notably, potentially suitable areas take up the highest proportion, indicating substantial potential for ecological enhancement in this region. 【Conclusion】Under future climate scenarios, the habitats of key bird species in the country parks exhibit an overall trend of northward movement. Based on various types of habitat, differentiated restoration pathways are proposed. Ecological conservation and structural optimization should be focused in stable suitable areas; climate resilience and hydrological regulation should be enhanced in potential degradation areas; ecologically guided restoration and corridor connectivity should be prioritized in potential suitable areas; and fragmentation restoration and functional integration should be emphasized in low suitability areas.

关键词

郊野公园环 / “再野化”修复 / MaxEnt模型

Key words

country park ring / “rewilding” restoration / MaxEnt model

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基金资助

*国家自然科学基金委员会青年科学基金项目(52308047)

国家自然科学基金委员会青年科学基金项目(32501464)