基于视觉感知的城市滨水恢复性环境特征因子提取与评价^*

Extraction and Evaluation of Urban Waterfront Restorative Environmental Feature Factors Based on Visual Perception

摘要

【目的】 探究城市公园不同类型滨水空间景观要素特征因子及其相互关联机制， 为城市滨水空间复性环境的研究与营建提供基础依据。【方法】 以西安城市公园滨水环境为研究区域， 选取 25 种滨水空间场景的照片为视觉载体， 通过实地调查及语义分割＋心理问卷综合评价法， 提取滨水恢复性环境特征因子，分析物理环境因子与偏好、 恢复性和心理指标的关系。【结果】 滨水恢复性环境可归为自然性、 感知性、休息性和活动性 4 个特征因子； 人们对滨水环境的偏好性与其恢复度呈显著正相关 (Ｐ<0. 05)； 距离感受绿视率、 植物种类和周边元素的显著影响 (Ｐ<0. 01)， 魅力性受水体面积、 绿视率和植物种类的显著影响(Ｐ<0. 01)， 私密性受乔灌木面积、 活动场地面积和植物种类的显著影响 (Ｐ<0. 05)。【结论】 自然要素是滨水环境心理感知的核心因子， 不同心理感知需求所对应的环境因子作用机制存在差异， 以低人工干扰、多层次自然元素为主导的滨水环境更具偏好与恢复性。 未来更应扩展不同城市与气候带的滨水样本， 并探究不同人群特征及多模态生理反馈的差异化恢复效应。

Abstract

【Objective】 The study explores the landscape characteristic factors of different types of waterfront spaces in urban parks and their correlation mechanism, thereby providing a basis for the research and construction of restorative environments in urban waterfront spaces. 【Method】 Taking the waterfront environment of urban parks in Xi'an as the research area, the study selects photos of 25 waterfront space scenarios to extract the characteristic factors of the waterfront restorative environment using on-site investigation and an evaluation method combining semantic segmentation and psychological questionnaires, and analyzes relationships among physical environmental factors and preferences, restorativeness, and psychological indicators. 【Result】 The waterfront restorative environment can be classified into four characteristic factors, including naturalness, perception, restfulness, and activity. People's preference for waterfront environments is significantly positively correlated with their restoration level (P<0.05). The perceptual distance is significantly influenced by the green view ratio, plant species and surrounding elements (P<0.01). The landscape charm is significantly affected by water areas, green view ratio and plant species (P<0.01). Privacy is significantly influenced by the area of arbo and shrubs, the activity site area, and plant species (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Natural elements are the core factors that influence the psychological perception of waterfront environments. The action mechanisms of environmental factors vary in correspondence with different psychological needs. A waterfront environment characterized by low artificial interference and hierarchical natural elements is more preferred with a better restorative effect. Future research should expand waterfront samples across diverse cities and climate zones and explore the differentiated restorative effects associated with different populations and multimodal physiological feedback.

关键词

滨水空间 / 景观偏好 / 视觉感知 / 环境恢复

Key words

waterfront space / landscape preference / visual perception / environmental restoration

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基金资助

*陕西省自然科学基础研究计划青年项目(2023-JC-QN-0189)

陕西省哲学社会科学研究专项青年项目(2024QN104)

陕西省艺术科学规划项目(SYG2025005)

大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202410709069)