陕西乡村景观生态系统服务社会价值评估———基于SolVES模型分析

Social Value Assessment for Rural Landscape Ecosystem Services in Shaanxi Based on SolVES Model

摘要

【目的】量化与可视化乡村景观社会价值分布，识别乡村景观中的价值热点与盲区，为乡村环境决策与景观规划提供提供科学依据。【方法】以陕西省汉中市五丰村为研究对象，引入SolVES模型，结合ArcGIS空间分析与问卷调查数据，系统评估其美学、文化、娱乐、生物多样性等8类社会价值的空间分布特征及其与环境因子的关系。【结果】公众对8类社会价值的感知存在明显差异，内在价值、美学价值与娱乐价值感知强度最高；社会价值空间分布呈现“中部集聚、边缘稀疏”的格局；高程是所有价值类型最具支配性的环境因子，距水体距离与距道路距离分别对美学价值与经济价值产生一定的正向影响。【结论】乡村景观社会价值的空间格局由自然地理图层与公众感知偏好共同塑造，其中地形条件占据主导，公众对非物质价值的感知存在生态美学优先倾向。研究结果可为小尺度、复合型乡村景观的社会价值识别、空间制图及评估环节提供方法参考与操作指引。未来可进一步探讨乡村ES社会价值的时空变化特征。

Abstract

【Objective】This study aims to quantify and visualize the distribution of social value of rural landscapes, and identify hotspots and blind spots of the value, thereby providing the scientific basis for rural environmental decision-making and landscape planning. 【Method】Taking Wufeng Village in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, as the research object, the study introduces the SolVES model in combination with ArcGIS spatial analysis and questionnaire survey data, to systematically evaluate the spatial distribution characteristics of 8 types of social values including aesthetics, culture, entertainment and biodiversity and their relationship with environmental factors. 【Result】There are significant differences in the public's perception of the eight types of social values, while intrinsic value, aesthetic value and entertainment value are perceived with the highest intensity. The spatial distribution of social values presents a pattern of central agglomeration and peripheral sparsity. DEM (Digital Elevation Model) is the most dominant environmental factor among all types of social value, and the distance from water bodies and roads has a significantly positive impact on aesthetic value and economic value, respectively. 【Conclusion】The spatial pattern of the social value of rural landscapes is shaped jointly by natural geographic features and public perceptual preferences, while topographic conditions play a dominant role. The public exhibit a pronounced preference for ecological aesthetics in their perception of intangible values. The findings could provide methodological references and operational guidance for social value identification, spatial mapping and evaluation of small-scale composite rural landscapes. Future studies could further explore the spatiotemporal changes in the social value of rural ES.

关键词

乡村景观 / 生态系统服务 / 社会价值评估 / SolVES模型

Key words

rural landscape / ecosystem service / social value assessment / SolVES model

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基金资助

*陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2025JC-YBMS-571)

陕西省教育厅重点实验室科学研究计划(21JS028)