冬季口袋公园综合舒适度评价及类型差异^∗

Comprehensive Winter Comfort Evaluation of Pocket Parks and Their Differences Among Park Types

摘要

【目的】探究冬季不同类型口袋公园综合舒适度差异及其影响因素，为城市口袋公园精细化建设与城市绿地存量更新及居民高频使用空间的环境优化提供依据。【方法】以湖北宜昌市4类典型口袋公园为例，在冬季开展现场实测与问卷调查，采用方差分析和回归分析分析热环境、声环境及空气质量与使用者主观感知的关系，分别构建基于评价指标和主观投票的综合舒适度(OCV)评价模型，通过验证样本评价模型适用性。【结果】不同类型口袋公园综合舒适度存在差异，临水类整体评价较高；热、声和空气质量环境均与人体综合舒适感知相关，其中声环境影响最为突出，且不同环境因素之间存在交互作用；基于客观环境指标建立的OCV模型在临山和临街道类样本中具有较好的拟合效果，而广场类模型拟合度较低，说明模型适用性具有一定的空间类型差异。【结论】冬季口袋公园综合舒适度具有明显的类型差异，其形成受多环境因素共同影响。因此，口袋公园环境优化应由单一环境改善转向多环境要素协同，并结合空间类型实施差异化设计。研究结果可为冬季口袋公园环境品质评价及存量绿地精细化更新提供实证参考。

Abstract

【Objective】This study aims to investigate the differences in comprehensive comfort level across various types of pocket parks during winter and their influence factors, providing a basis for the refined development of urban pocket parks, the renewal of existing urban green spaces, and the environmental optimization of frequently used spaces by residents. 【Method】The study conducts field measurements and questionnaire surveys during winter in four typical types of pocket parks in Yichang, Hubei Province. ANOVA and regression analysis are employed to examine the relationships between thermal environment, acoustic environment, air quality, and users' subjective perceptions. Overall Comfort Value (OCV) evaluation models are constructed based on both objective evaluation indicators and subjective votes, and the applicability of these models is validated using sample data. 【Result】Significant differences in comprehensive comfort are observed among the different types of pocket parks, while waterfront parks receive the highest ratings. Thermal environment, acoustic environment and air quality are all correlated with users' perception, with the acoustic environment as the most significant influence factor, and interactions exist among these environmental factors. The OCV models based on objective environmental indicators demonstrate good fitted effects for mountain-adjacent and street-adjacent pocket parks, whereas the fitting is lower for plaza-style parks, indicating that model applicability varies across spatial types. 【Conclusion】Comprehensive comfort in pocket parks during winter varies significantly across park types, shaped by the combined influence of multiple environmental factors. Therefore, environmental optimization strategies for pocket parks should shift from improving mere one environmental element to coordinating multiple elements for a synergistic effect, while implementing differentiated designs tailored to specific spatial types. This study offers empirical references for evaluating the environmental quality of pocket parks in winter and for the refined renewal of existence urban green spaces.

关键词

口袋公园 / 综合舒适度 / 热环境 / 声环境 / 空气质量

Key words

pocket park / comprehensive comfort level / thermal environment / acoustic environment / air quality

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基金资助

*国家自然科学基金资助项目(52508126)