“双碳”1+N政策体系下城市减污降碳协同增效特征及提升路径

Characteristics and Enhancement Pathways for Synergistic Effects in Urban Pollution and Carbon Reduction under “Dual Carbon” 1+N Policy Framework

摘要

【目的】系统梳理“双碳”1+N政策体系下中国城市减污降碳协同增效的研究基础、政策作用、时空特征、驱动因素、评价方法及提升路径，为城市尺度的污染治理、碳减排与生态基础设施建设提供参考。【方法】以中国知网和Web of Science为主要文献来源，检索2014年1月至2026年8月有关城市减污降碳、协同减排和协同治理的中英文文献，采用分类归纳和比较分析方法开展综述。【结果】温室气体与大气污染物具有同源性和过程关联性，并表现出明显的空间集聚与联动特征。“双碳”1+N政策体系为城市协同治理提供了制度保障，但政策效果受城市资源禀赋、经济发展水平和治理能力的影响，具有空间溢出、门槛效应和区域异质性。协同水平主要受能源与产业结构、技术创新、环境规制、人口集聚以及气象、地形和植被覆盖等因素共同驱动。城市森林与蓝绿空间可通过植被固碳、污染物沉降、微气候调节和绿地废弃物资源化等途径，为减污降碳协同增效提供生态基础。【结论】提升减污降碳协同效应需协同推进宏观政策保障、创新技术驱动、区域协同发展、社会参与监督4条路径。未来应将城市生态基础设施建设纳入“双碳”1+N政策实施体系，因地制宜优化城市森林结构与蓝绿空间格局，推动工程减排、生态增汇与城市治理协同实施。

Abstract

【Objective】The study reviews the research basis, policy effects, spatiotemporal features, driving factors, evaluation methods and enhancement pathways of pollution control and carbon emission reduction in China’s cities under the “Dual Carbon” 1+N policy, with the aim to provide references for urban-scale pollution control, carbon emission reduction and ecological infrastructure development. 【Method】With CNKI and Web of Science as the primary literature sources, the study retrieves Chinese and English literature on urban pollution control and carbon reduction, synergistic emission reduction, and collaborative governance published from January 2014 to August 2026 and conducts a review with inductive and comparative analysis. 【Result】GHGs and pollutants share common sources and process-related linkages, and exhibit pronounced spatial clustering and coupling characteristics. The “Dual Carbon” 1+N policy framework offers institutional assurance for collaborative urban governance, but policy effectiveness is influenced by urban resource endowments, economic development levels, and governance capacity, showing spatial spillover effects, threshold effect and heterogeneity. The level of synergy is collectively driven by such factors as energy and industry structure, technology innovation, environmental regulation and population agglomeration, as well as meteorology, terrain and vegetation cover. Urban forests and blue-green spaces can provide ecological foundations for synergistic pollution and carbon reduction through vegetation carbon sequestration, pollutant deposition, microclimate regulation and green waste recycling. 【Conclusion】Four pathways are required to enhance the synergies between pollution control and carbon reduction, including macro-policy assurance, innovative technology driven, coordinated regional development, and public participation and oversight. We should incorporate the urban ecological infrastructure construction into the implementation framework of the “Dual Carbon” 1+N policies, optimize urban forest structure and blue-green space layout in accordance with local conditions, and promote the coordinated implementation of engineering-based emissions reductions, ecological carbon sinks and urban governance.

关键词

减污降碳 / 协同增效 / “双碳”1+N政策体系 / 城市森林 / 创新技术

Key words

pollution control and carbon reduction / synergistic benefit enhancement / “Dual Carbon” 1+N policy framework / urban forest / technology innovation

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基金资助

*国家自然科学基金面上项目(52478016)