基于可供性理论的社区型滨水空间适儿化改造———以天津市东丽区金钟街道滨水空间为例

Child-Oriented Renewal of Community Waterfront Space Based on Affordance Theory: A Case Study of Jinzhong Subdistrict Waterfront Space in Dongli District, Tianjin

摘要

【目的】针对社区型滨水空间临水风险、步道断点和设施不足影响其适儿化使用的问题，基于可供性理论，构建“需求识别－问题诊断－可供性转译－设计落实－回溯评价”的适儿化改造路径，为同类社区滨水空间适儿化改造提供参考。【方法】以天津市东丽区金钟街道滨水空间为研究对象，面向3~12岁儿童看护人开展前期问卷，结合现场踏勘和空间分析识别需求与问题，基于可供性理论将需求转化为入口衔接、滨水观察、林下停留、儿童轻活动和慢行联系5类节点；设计后采用回溯问卷评价效果。【结果】安全照护(4.73)、停留休憩(4.47)和步行连续(4.46)需求最突出。场地存在滨水安全感不足、路径连续性弱、亲子停留设施缺乏等问题。回溯评价显示，安全缓冲、亲子停留、慢行连续和自然观察改善认可度较高，整体满意度为4.53。【结论】通过“前期问卷—现状分析－问题识别－设计落实－回溯验证”闭环，可将居民需求转化为空间节点、路径系统、滨水界面和服务设施配置。研究结果表明社区型滨水空间适儿化改造应由单项设施补充转向连续行为机会的整体组织。后续应增加儿童参与式访谈和行为地图，在项目建成后开展分时段观察、停留时长和活动类型记录，并选择不同岸线形态、社区密度和管理模式的案例进行比较，以检验所提出行为链在不同情境中的适用性。

Abstract

【Objective】To address the challenges hindering the child-friendly use of community waterfront space such as waterfront risks, trail discontinuities and inadequate facilities, this study employs the affordance theory to develop a renewal pathway covering “needs identification-problem diagnosis-affordance translation-design implementation-retrospective evaluation”, thereby providing a reference for the child-friendly renewal pathway selection for similar community waterfront spaces. 【Method】The study takes Jinzhong Subdistrict waterfront in Dongli District, Tianjin, as the research object and conducts a pre-project questionnaire survey among caregivers of children aged 3-12 years in combination with field investigation and spatial analysis for identifying needs and problems. Based on affordance theory, the study translates the needs into five node strategies, including entrance connection, waterfront observation, understorey stay, light activity of children and slow-mobility connection. A retrospective questionnaire is also employed to evaluate the design response. 【Result】There are the highest needs for safe care (4.73), recreational stay (4.47) and continuous walking (4.46), while the site is confronted with problems such as insufficient sense of safety, poor path connectivity, lack of family-friendly amenities. The retrospective evaluation shows that safety buffers, parent-child interaction spaces, slow pace continuity and natural observation are highly perceived and recognized, with the overall satisfaction scored 4.53. 【Conclusion】Through a closed-loop process of “pre-project questionnaire survey-current situation analysis-problem identification-design implementation-retrospective evaluation”, the residents’ needs can be translated into spatial nodes, path systems, waterfront interfaces, and service facility configurations. Given that the questionnaire is primarily designed for caregivers and the study focuses merely on community-based waterfront space, subsequent research should incorporate participatory interviews with children and behavioral mapping, and conduct time-phased observations, stay time recordings and activity documentation after project completion. In addition, cases featuring different shoreline configurations, community densities and management modes should be selected for comparison in order to assess the applicability of the proposed behavioral chain across various scenarios.

关键词

可供性理论 / 社区型滨水空间 / 儿童友好 / 亲子活动 / 回溯验证

Key words

affordance theory / community waterfront space / child-friendly / parent-child activity / retrospective evaluation

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基金资助

*天津市教委2024年度社会科学重大项目 生育友好社会下天津市社区公共空间适儿化环境重构研究(2024JWZD38)