4种乳菇属真菌的形态学与rDNA-ITS鉴定

Morphologal and rDNA-ITS identification of four fungi in Lactarius

摘要

为明确内蒙古赤峰地区常见有毒乳菇种类，准确、快速地识别有毒乳菇，将采集的4个乳菇属 Lactarius真菌标本采用传统形态学分类方法进行鉴定，同时提取子实体DNA，使用真菌通用引物ITS1/ITS4进行PCR扩增，用Blast对扩增产物纯化测序所得的序列进行比对，采用MEGA5.1软件构建系统发育树确定属和种。结果表明，2种方法鉴定结果一致，标本CFSZ10167为毛头乳菇[Lactarius torminosus (Schaeff.) Pers.]，标本CFSZ10216为绒边乳菇[Lactarius pubescens (Fr. ex Kronbh.) Fr.]，标本CFSZ13021为灰褐乳菇[Lactarius pyrogalus (Bull.) Fr.]，3种均为胃肠炎型毒菌，CFSZ10044为皱乳菇(Lactarius ruginosus Romagn)，为中国新记录种，主要特点是菌盖棕褐色、浅褐色，有绒质感，盖缘呈齿状，孢子球形具小刺，食毒不明。对4个种的形态学特征进行了详细描述，并附有生境图片和显微图像，研究结果为乳菇属物种鉴定和资源分布提供了重要补充，并为常见毒菌识别提供了理论依据。

Abstract

Four unkown poisonous mushrooms of Lactarius from the city of Chifeng in Inner Mongolia were collected and identified by morphology classification to identify the genera and species, the fungal DNA were extracted from the fruiting bodies, amplified by PCR using fungal universal primers ITS1/ITS4, the sequences obtained from purification and sequencing of amplification products were compared by blast, a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA5.1 software to identify the genera and species as auxiliary mean. The results of the two methods are consistent, Specimen CFSZ10167, CFSZ10216 and CFSZ13021 are Lactarius torminosus (Schaeff.) Pers., Lactarius pubescens (Fr. Ex Kronbh.) Fr. and Lactarius pyrogalus (Bull.) Fr. respectively, which are all gastroenteritis poisonous mushrooms, CFSZ10044 is Lactarius ruginosus Romagn, new to China. The main features include that the cap is tan or light brown, with a velvety texture and toothed margin, the spores are spherical with small spines, edible or poisonous unkown. The morphological characteristics of the four species were described in detail, and the habitat picture and micrograph were attached, and the result provided an important supplement to the species identification and resource distribution of Lactarius and a theoretical basis for the identification of common poisonous fungus.

关键词

乳菇属 / 毒菌 / 形态学 / rDNA-ITS测序鉴定 / 系统发育树

Key words

Species of Lactarius / Poisonous fungi / Morphology / rDNA-ITS sequencing / Phylogenetic tree

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基金资助

内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2021LHMS3001)

赤峰学院校级一流学科建设项目(CFXYYLXKB202102)

赤峰学院重点实验室建设项目(CFXYZD202001)

蒙东生物资源开发创新团队(cfxykycxtd202008)