郑州市市售蔬菜重金属Pb和Cd污染评价

Pollution assessment of heavy metals Pb and Cd in vegetables sold in Zhengzhou

摘要

蔬菜质量安全直接关系到人们健康生活的需求，为了解郑州市主城区市售蔬菜重金属铅(Pb)和镉(Cd)污染程度，评估经摄食途径对人群产生的健康风险，在郑州市主城区农贸市场和大型商超采集9种蔬菜，采用原子吸收光谱法测定重金属Pb和Cd的含量，采用单因子污染指数法评价其污染特征，采用目标危害系数法、致癌风险系数法评估重金属污染的健康风险。结果表明，蔬菜中Pb和Cd的检出率分别为44.63%和82.71%，变异系数分别在29.7%~93.7%和38.6%~205.0%；蔬菜中Pb和Cd的目标危害系数(THQ)远远小于1；蔬菜中Pb的致癌风险系数(CR)范围为2.5×10^-6~13.1×10^-6，Cd的CR值范围为4.1×10^-4~21.3×10^-4，蔬菜中Cd污染具有致癌的风险，Pb污染具有致癌的潜在风险。郑州市市售9种蔬菜中Pb、Cd重金属总体污染水平较低，并且重金属含量的空间分布很不均匀，不会对人群造成明显健康危害，但是要注意潜在的致癌风险。

Abstract

The quality and safety of vegetables are directly related to people's demand for healthy living. In order to analyze the degree of heavy metal Pb and Cd pollution in vegetables sold in the main urban area of Zhengzhou city, and evaluate the health risks to the population through feeding routes. Nine types of vegetables were collected from the farmers' market and large-scale supermarkets in the main urban area of Zhengzhou city. The content of heavy metals Pb and Cd was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The pollution characteristics were evaluated using the single factor pollution index method, and the health risks of heavy metal pollution were evaluated using the target hazard coefficient method and the cancer risk coefficient method. The detection rates of Pb and Cd in vegetables were 44.63% and 82.71%, respectively, with coefficients of variation ranging from 29.7% to 93.7% and 38.6% to 205.0%; the target hazard coefficient (THQ) of Pb and Cd in vegetables is far less than 1; The carcinogenic risk coefficient (CR) range of Pb in vegetables is 2.5 × 10^-6-13.1 × 10^-6, The CR value range of Cd is 4.1 × 10^-4-21.3 × 10^-4. Cd pollution in vegetables carries a risk of carcinogenesis, while Pb pollution has a potential risk of carcinogenesis. The overall pollution level of lead and cadmium heavy metals in 9 vegetables sold in Zhengzhou city is relatively low, and the spatial distribution of heavy metal content is very uneven, which will not cause significant health hazards to the population. However, awareness should be developed to potential carcinogenic risks.

关键词

蔬菜 / 质量安全 / 健康风险 / 污染特征 / 重金属

Key words

Vegetables / Quality safety / Health risks / Pollution characteristics / Heavy metal

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基金资助

国家农业环境数据中心观测监测项目(NAES-AE-056)

郑州市社会科学调研课题(ZSLX20221075)