冬瓜枯萎病菌的分离、鉴定及冬瓜种质抗性鉴定

Isolation and identification of Fusarium wilt pathogen from wax gourd and identification of resistance of wax gourd germplasm

摘要

冬瓜在瓜类蔬菜生产中占有重要地位，而枯萎病严重威胁冬瓜的安全生产。通过病原菌致病力测定、形态学特征观察、培养特性比较，以及基于翻译延伸因子(TEF-1α)的系统发育分析，对采自广东、广西等地的冬瓜枯萎病病原菌进行鉴定，将引起冬瓜枯萎病的病原鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌冬瓜专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. benincasae)。在此基础上，选取致病力较强的冬瓜枯萎病菌株，以不同冬(节)瓜资源为材料，采用苗期灌根接种法对所收集的 26 份小冬瓜资源、47 份节瓜资源和 74 份大冬瓜资源进行抗病性鉴定。结果表明，147 份冬(节)瓜资源的抗性鉴定结果差异相对较大，且不同冬(节)瓜资源间的枯萎病发病率存在显著差异，其中 26 份小冬瓜资源中没有 1 份高抗材料；47 份节瓜资源中有 2 份高抗材料(JG-25 和 JG-33)，占比 4.26%；74 份大冬瓜资源中有 4 份高抗材料(DDG-19、DDG-32、DDG-40 和 DDG-74)，占比 5.41%。研究结果为抗枯萎病冬瓜种质资源的筛选及瓜类枯萎病抗性遗传育种提供参考。

Abstract

Wax gourd is one of the major vegetable crops in Cucurbitaceae family, and the Fusarium wilt disease seriously threatens the safety of wax gourd production. The pathogenicity, morphological characteristics, and cultural characteristics of phytopathogen based on translation elongation factor (TEF-1a) through phylogenetic analysis were compared in this study, the Fusarium wilt pathogens of wax gourd collected from Guangdong, Guangxi and other regions were identified, and the pathogen causing Fusarium wilt of wax gourd was identified as Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. benincasae. On this basis, the strong pathogenic ability strains were selected as the inoculum, and using different wax gourd resources as materials, we analyzed the disease resistance of 26 small wax gourd resources, 47 chieh-qua resources, and 74 large wax gourd resources by seedling root-irrigation inoculation method. There were relatively significant differences in the disease resistance results of 147 wax gourd and chieh-qua resources, and there were significant differences in the incidence of Fusarium wilt among different wax gourd and chieh-qua resources. None of 26 small wax gourd resources had high resistance to Fusarium wilt; two (JG-25 and JG-33) of the 47 Chieh-qua resources showed high resistance, accounting for 4.26%; four (DDG-19, DDG-32, DDG-40, and DDG-74) of the 74 large wax gourd resources showed high resistance, accounting for 5.41%. This study provides reference for the selection of resistant germplasm resources of wax gourd and the genetic breeding of Fusarium wilt resistance in Cucurbitaceae crops.

关键词

冬瓜 / 节瓜 / 枯萎病 / 病原菌 / 抗性鉴定

Key words

Wax gourd / Chieh-qua / Fusarium wilt / Pathogen / Disease resistance identification

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基金资助

东莞市社会科技发展重点项目(20200507101163)