不同诱导剂和诱导方法对西瓜单倍体染色体加倍效果的比较研究

Comparative study on chromosome doubling effect of watermelon haploid with different inducers and induction methods

摘要

为探究不同诱导剂和诱导方法对西瓜单倍体染色体加倍的效果，以西瓜花药离体培养获得的单倍体植株为材料，利用不同质量浓度的秋水仙素和氟乐灵进行培养基加倍、浸芽加倍、滴生长点加倍3种方法研究单倍体植株诱导二倍体植株的效果。结果表明，不同加倍方法对单倍体加倍的诱导率存在很大差异。秋水仙素诱导加倍，植株的存活率均达到100%，氟乐灵诱导加倍，加倍植株的致死率最高达到100%。组培法诱导加倍时，秋水仙素和氟乐灵均在质量浓度为60 mg·L^-1时，加倍诱导率最高，分别是50.00%和41.67%。浸芽法诱导加倍时，600 mg·L^-1秋水仙素浸芽4 h加倍诱导率最高为75.00%；300 mg·L^-1氟乐灵浸芽2 h加倍诱导率最高为50.00%。滴生长点诱导加倍时，600 mg·L^-1秋水仙素诱导的加倍率最高为50.00%；500 mg·L^-1氟乐灵诱导加倍率最高为27.78%。因此，秋水仙素诱导西瓜单倍体植株加倍效果优于氟乐灵，且浸芽法诱导加倍效果最佳。

Abstract

In order to investigate the effect of different inducers and induction methods on chromosome doubling of watermelon haploid, the haploid plants obtained from watermelon anther culture in vitro were used as materials. Different concentrations of colchicine and fluralin were used to study the effect of inducing diploid plants from haploid plants by three methods: medium doubling method, germination doubling method and droplet growing point doubling method. The results showed that the induction rate of haploid doubling by different doubling methods varied. The survival rate of plants induced by colchicine doubling reached 100%, and the mortality rate of plants induced by fluralin doubling reached 100%. When induced by tissue culture, the doubling induction rates of colchicine and trifluralin were the highest at a mass concentration of 60 mg·L^-1, with 50.00% and 41.67%, respectively. When inducing doubling by soaking the buds with 600 mg·L^-1 colchicine for 4 hours, the highest doubling induction rate was 75.00%; the highest doubling induction rate of 300 mg·L^-1 fluralin soaking buds for 2 hours was 50.00%. When inducing doubling at the droplet growth point, the highest doubling rate induced by 600 mg·L^-1 colchicine was 50.00%; the highest induction doubling rate of 500 mg·L^-1 trifluralin was 27.78%. Therefore, the effect of inducing haploid watermelon plants to double with colchicine is better than that with trifluralin, and the soaking method has the best effect on inducing doubling.

关键词

西瓜 / 单倍体 / 秋水仙素 / 氟乐灵 / 染色体加倍

Key words

Watermelon / Haploid / Colchicine / Fluralin / Chromosome doubling

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基金资助

国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-25)

河南省科技攻关项目(232102110223)

河南省农业科学院自主创新资助项目(2023ZC033)

河南省重大科技专项(221100110400)