葫芦科作物遗传多样性研究进展

Research progress on genetic diversity in Cucurbitaceae crops

摘要

葫芦科作物是世界第四大重要的经济作物，由 115 个属 960 个种组成，拥有丰富的种质资源。随着人们对产量和品质需求的提升，如今市场上葫芦科作物的栽培品种逐渐趋于同质化，种质资源遗传多样性变窄。系统研究葫芦科作物遗传多样性可以更全面、系统地发掘种质资源信息，对促进育种工作的进展发挥关键作用。主要介绍葫芦科作物的起源与系统进化关系、种质资源收集情况，并归纳总结葫芦科作物遗传多样性的相关研究，尤其是黄瓜、南瓜、西瓜、甜瓜和冬瓜的遗传多样性研究进展与育种创新等主要成果，以期为葫芦科作物的多样性利用和育种奠定坚实的基础。

Abstract

Cucurbitaceae is the fourth most important economic crop in the world, comprising 960 species in 115 genera and possessing rich germplasm resources. However, the cultivated species of Cucurbitaceae crops have gradually become assimilated and the genetic diversity of germplasm resources has become narrower due to long time selection for yield and high quality. A systematic study on the genetic diversity of Cucurbitaceae crops will enable us to explore their germplasm in a more comprehensive way, which would help in promoting the breeding program. In this paper, the origin of Cucurbitaceae crops and their phylogenetic relationships were introduced, and the collection of germplasm resources of Cucurbitaceae crops was explored. The authors also summarized the relevant studies of genetic diversity of Cucurbitaceae crops and breeding innovations, especially those of cucumber, pumpkin, watermelon, melon and wax gourd, which lays a solid foundation for the utilization of variety and cultivation of Cucurbitaceae crops.

关键词

葫芦科 / 种质资源 / 遗传多样性

Key words

Cucurbitaceae / Germplasm resources / Genetic diversity

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基金资助

广东省级乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴项目(2022-NPY-00-028)

广东省科技计划项目(2023A0505090005)

江门市科技计划项目(江科〔2022〕191号)