芦笋超雄株花粉母细胞减数分裂观察

Observation on meiosis of pollen mother cells of super-male plants in Asparagus officinalis L.

摘要

减数分裂是有性生殖的关键过程。为了明确芦笋超雄株花粉母细胞减数分裂的具体情况及异常行为对配子生长发育的影响，采用改良苯酚品红压片法对58株芦笋超雄株的986个花粉母细胞减数分裂过程进行了系统观察。结果表明，(1)超雄株花粉母细胞减数分裂为胞质分裂同时型，染色体构型为10个二价体，四分体为十字交叉型。(2)中期Ⅰ小型棒状二价体的出现比例为96.55%，四价体为8.62%，染色体粘连为22.41%。(3)后期Ⅰ落后染色体的出现比例为12.07%，染色体桥为13.79%；分裂期出现微核的比例为6.59%。(4)在中期Ⅱ~末期Ⅱ中分裂不同步的出现比例为34.45%。超雄株花粉母细胞在整个减数分裂进程中，前期Ⅰ所需时间最长。减数分裂配对成10个二价体，在倍性水平上属于二倍体。减数分裂异常行为主要出现在中期Ⅰ和后期Ⅰ。对超雄株花粉母细胞减数分裂过程的观察，不仅能够丰富芦笋的细胞遗传学内容，还可以为芦笋发育生物学、杂交育种、基因定位等方面提供必要的细胞遗传学信息。

Abstract

Meiosis is a key process in sexual reproduction. In order to clarify the specific situation and the effect of abnormal meiotic behavior of pollen mother cells (PMCs) on the growth and development of gametes in super-male asparagus plants, the improved phenol fuchsin method was used to systematically observe the meiosis process of 986 PMCs of 58 super-male asparagus plants. The results showed that: (1) The PMCs of super-male plants carried meiosis and cytokinesis simultaneously, with a chromosome configuration of 10 bivalents and the tetrad of a cross shaped structure. (2) At metaphase I, the proportion of small rod bivalents was 96.55%, tetravalent was 8.62%, and chromosome sticking was 22.41%. (3) At anaphase I, the proportion of lagging chromosomes was 12.07%, chromosome bridges was 13.79%, and the proportion of micronucleus was 6.59% in the division phase. (4) At metaphase II to telophase II, the proportion of asynchronization of chromosomes segregation was 34.45%. In the whole process of meiosis, the prophase Ⅰ is the longest. There was paired as 10 bivalents at meiosis metaphase Ⅰ, thus it is a diploid species. The abnormal behavior of meiosis mainly occurs in metaphase I and anaphase I. Based on the observation of the meiosis process of PMCs of the super-male, it can not only enrich the cytogenetic content of asparagus, but also provide the necessary cytogenetic information for asparagus of developmental biology, cross breeding, gene localization, and so on.

关键词

芦笋 / 超雄株 / 花粉母细胞 / 减数分裂

Key words

Asparagus officinal L. / Super-male plants / Pollen mother cells / Meiosis

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基金资助

山东省重点研发计划项目(2022LZGC024)

潍坊市科技发展计划项目(2022ZJ1084)

潍坊市科技发展计划项目(2021ZJ1128)

潍坊市现代种业科研创新团队项目