不同生长阶段香菇栽培料木质纤维素降解利用研究

Study on the degradation and utilization of lignocellulose in cultivation materials of Lentinus edodes at different growth stages

摘要

为深入了解香菇生长发育过程中栽培料木质纤维素的变化，对不同生长阶段香菇栽培料中木质纤维素含量及其相关降解酶活性进行了测定，利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 X-射线衍射法(XRD)和显微镜观察研究了木质纤维素微观结构分子基团、纤维素相对结晶度(CrI)和纤维表面形态的变化。结果表明，在香菇生长发育过程中，栽培料中的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素含量显著下降，木质纤维素含量(w,后同)由 85.27%降低至 52.23%，其与相应的降解酶系活性负相关，木质纤维素降解与纤维破坏程度呈现一定的相关性。FTIR 结果显示，不同生长阶段香菇栽培料中木质纤维素特征官能团峰值发生变化，木质素降解速率高于半纤维素、低于纤维素。随着香菇的生长发育，栽培料中 CrI 显著降低，纤维素晶体结构受到了一定程度的破坏。结果表明，香菇首先利用栽培料中非木质纤维素组分供菌丝生长，同时分泌胞外降解酶破坏纤维结构，将大分子组分降解为小分子组分，从而满足其生长所需，高木质纤维素降解酶活性对应高木质纤维素降解率。该研究结果可为促进香菇栽培料中木质纤维素的降解利用提供依据。

Abstract

In order to deeply understand the characteristics of lignocellulose variation in Lentinus edodes culture during the growth and development periods, the lignocellulose content and its related degrading enzyme activity in cultivation materials of L. edodes at different growth stages were determined. The changes of molecular groups of lignocellulose, relative crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose and fiber surface morphology were also studied and observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and microscope. The results showed that the content of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin decreased significantly during the growth of L. edodes. The content of lignocellulose decreased from 85.27% to 52.23%, which was negatively correlated with the activity of the corresponding degrading enzyme, and the degradation of lignocellulose showed a certain correlation with the degree of fiber damage. The FTIR results showed that the absorbance of characteristic functional groups of lignocellulose in different growth stages had changed, and the degradation rate of lignin was higher than hemicellulose and lower than cellulose. With the growth of L. edodes, the CrI in cultivated materials decreased significantly, and the crystal structure of cellulose was destroyed to some extent. The results showed that the L. edodes was used the non-lignocellulosic components in cultivation materials for mycelium growth firstly, and secreted extracellular degrading enzymes to destroy the fiber structure and degrade the macromolecular components into small molecular components at the same time, thus meeting its growth needs. The high activity of lignocellulose degrading enzymes corresponds to the high degradation rate of lignocellulose, and the results can provide a basis for improving the degradation and utilization of lignocellulose in L. edodes cultivation materials.

关键词

香菇 / 木质纤维素 / 胞外酶 / 结晶度 / 红外光谱 / 纤维形态

Key words

Lentinus edodes / Lignocellulose / Extracellular enzymes / Crystallinity / FTIR spectra / Fiber morphology

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基金资助

河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2023ZC079)

河南省重点研发专项(231111112500)

河南省科技攻关计划项目(232102110278)

河南省农业科学院科技创新团队专项(2023TD41)