不同南瓜砧木对小果型西瓜生长和果实品质的影响

Effects of different pumpkin rootstocks on the growth and fruit quality of small-fruit watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

摘要

近年来小果型西瓜的栽培面积增长迅速，为筛选出适宜小果型西瓜嫁接的南瓜砧木，以17个南瓜砧木和2个商业南瓜砧木(丰乐金甲、京欣砧4号)作为嫁接砧木，以小果型西瓜品种京美2K和武农8号作为接穗，研究不同南瓜砧木嫁接对西瓜嫁接苗成活率、定植成活率、植株田间长势、开花坐果节位、果实品质和产量的影响。结果表明，参试砧木均与小果型西瓜具有较高的亲和性；嫁接小果型西瓜的田间长势和产量优于自根栽培；除砧木S6和S26外，其他砧木嫁接不会显著改变西瓜果形指数；在内在品质指标中，春季以S12、S19、S5、S16、S13、S7和S17表现良好，秋季以S16、S19和S7表现最优。综合春秋两季的试验结果，S16、S19和S7这3个南瓜砧木优于2个商业砧木，适宜作为小果型西瓜的嫁接砧木。

Abstract

The cultivation of small-fruit watermelon varieties increased rapidly in recent years. The present study evaluated the effects of 17 hybrid pumpkin combinations and two commercial rootstock varieties (Fengle Jinjia and Jingxin Zhen No. 4) grafted onto two small-fruit watermelon varieties (Jingmei 2K and Wunong No. 8). The experiment was conducted over two seasons (spring and autumn). Several indicators such as grafting survival rate, field survival rate, plant growth, flowering and fruiting nodes, fruit yield and quality were investigated. The results of the investigation and analysis of the indexes showed that all the rootstocks had high affinity with small-fruit watermelon; the growth and yield attributes of grafted plants were better compared to self-rooted plants; grafting did not significantly change the fruit shape index except rootstocks S6 and S26; among the internal quality indexes, S12, S19, S5, S16, S13, S7 and S17 performed well in spring, and S16, S19 and S7 performed best in autumn. Overall, the results of two season’s experiments demonstrated that three hybrid pumpkin combinations (S16, S19 and S7) were found to be better than the two commercial rootstock varieties, and are suitable for small-fruit watermelon grafting.

关键词

小果型西瓜 / 南瓜砧木 / 生长 / 品质 / 产量

Key words

Small-fruit watermelon / Pumpkin rootstock / Growth / Quality / Yield

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划课题(2023YFD2300703)

山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目(2022TSGC1143)

国家西甜瓜产业技术体系(CARS-25)

中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2662023YLPY008)