生物炭协同棉隆熏蒸对连作西瓜生长的影响

Effects of biochar synergized with dazomet fumigation on growth of continuous cropping watermelon

摘要

为探究不同防控策略对设施连作西瓜生长和土传病害发生情况的影响，利用田间试验研究了棉隆熏蒸土壤施加不同肥料及生物炭处理的西瓜产量及枯萎病发病率。结果表明，棉隆熏蒸对控制西瓜土传病原菌数量有一定的效果，在此基础上追施生物炭+有机肥(Fu + BOF)比单纯施加化肥(Fu+CF)或有机肥(Fu+OF)能更好地缓解西瓜连作障碍，移栽后期 Fu + BOF 处理的土壤病原菌数量最低，为 2273 CFU·g^-1，且植株过氧化物酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性最高，连作西瓜植株发病率控制在 20%以内。此外，Fu+BOF 处理的西瓜总产量、商品果质量、商品果率及单果质量均高于其他处理，移栽后期地上部与地下部生物量均最高，分别为 6.13 kg·株^-1和 6.94 g·株^-1。因此，在西瓜连作栽培条件下，棉隆熏蒸+生物炭+有机肥配施能够促进西瓜生长，在减少病原菌数量的同时改变植株自身生理生化反应，增强植株抗病相关酶活性，降低西瓜枯萎病发病率，有助于缓解西瓜连作障碍。

Abstract

To investigate the effects of different prevention and control strategies on the growth of continuous cropping watermelon and occurrence of soil borne diseases, field experiments were conducted to study the yield of watermelon and incidence rate of fusarium wilt under different fertilizer treatments in dazomet-fumigated soil. The results showed that dazomet fumigation had positive effect on controlling soil borne pathogen quantity. On this basis, applying biochar and organic fertilizer (Fu + BOF) can alleviate the obstacle of continuous watermelon cultivation than simply applying chemical fertilizer (Fu + CF) or organic fertilizer (Fu + OF). At late transplanting stage, the number of soil pathogenic bacteria under the treatment Fu+BOF was the lowest, which was 2273 CFU·g^-1, and the activities of plant peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonialyase were the highest. The incidence rate of watermelon plants can be controlled within 20%. In addition, total yield, commercial fruit mass, commercial fruit rate and average single fruit mass of Fu+BOF treatment were higher than those of other treatment. In the later stage of transplantation, the aboveground and underground biomass of Fu+BOF treatment were the highest, which were 6.13 kg·plant^-1 and 6.94 g·plant^-1, respectively. Therefore, under the condition of continuous watermelon cultivation, the technical measure of dazomet fumigation + biochar + organic fertilizer can promote the growth of watermelon, as well as reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria, which can change the physiological and biochemical reactions of the plant itself and increase the activity of plant disease resistance related enzymes, this technical measure reduce the incidence rate of watermelon Fusarium wilt, which helps alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in watermelon.

关键词

生物炭 / 连作障碍 / 土壤病原菌 / 酶活性

Key words

Biochar / Continuous cropping obstacle / Soil pathogen / Enzymatic activity

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基金资助

江苏开放大学(江苏城市职业学院)“十四五”科研规划课题(2022XK015)

江苏城市职业学院大学生创新训练计划项目(XJ2023013)