螯合钙叶面肥及遮阳网对番茄果实生长的影响

Effects of chelated calcium foliar fertilizer and shading net on tomato fruit growth

摘要

为探究叶面喷施螯合钙+遮阳网对温室春延茬番茄果皮代谢特征、果实裂果和品质的影响，以优品88番茄品种为材料，分别进行了CK (未遮阳+叶面喷施清水)、CC (未遮阳+叶面喷施0.30 g·L^-1螯合钙)、S (遮阳网+清水)与SCC (遮阳网+0.30 g·L^-1螯合钙)的处理试验。结果表明，转色期与红熟期番茄果实裂果率均表现为SCC＜S＜CC＜CK，且各处理间差异显著；与CK相比，CC、SCC处理均显著提高了果皮超氧化物歧化酶与抗坏血酸过氧化酶活性，降低了果皮丙二醛和H₂O₂含量；CC、S与SCC处理均显著降低了果皮细胞壁水解酶活性；果皮纤维素与原果胶含量呈现SCC＞S＞CC＞CK的变化趋势，且SCC处理与其他各处理呈显著差异；CC与SCC处理均显著提高了果实单果质量、维生素C和可溶性固形物含量，且SCC处理效果最好。综上所述，在温室番茄生产中，0.30 g·L^-1螯合钙+遮阳网协同作用的增产提质效果最优。

Abstract

To investigate the effect of foliar spraying of chelated calcium and shading net on the metabolic characteristics, fruit cracking, and quality of greenhouse spring delay tomatoes, the tomato variety Youpin88 was treated at four treatments, as CK (unshading + clear water foliage spraying), CC (unshading + 0.30 g·L^-1 chelated calcium foliage spraying), S (shading + clear water), and SCC (shading + 0.30 g·L^-1 chelated calcium). The results showed that the fruit cracking rate of tomato during the color changing and red ripening stage was SCC＜S＜CC＜CK, and there were significant difference among the treatments. Compared with CK, CC and SCC significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase in fruit peels, while reducing the content of malondialdehyde and H₂O₂. CC, S and SCC significantly decreased the activity of cell wall hydrolases in fruit peel cells. The content of cellulose and pectin in the fruit peel showed a trend of SCC＞S＞CC＞CK, and SCC showed significant difference compared to the other treatments. Both CC and SCC significantly improved the single fruit mass, vitamin C, and soluble solid content of the fruit, with SCC treatment better. In summary, the synergistic effect of chelated calcium and shading net is the most effective in increasing yield and improving quality in greenhouse tomato production.

关键词

番茄 / 螯合钙 / 遮阳 / 果实生长

Key words

Tomato / Celated calcium / Shading / Fruit growth

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基金资助

西藏自治区自然科学基金项目(XZ202001ZR0067G)

潍坊市科学技术发展计划项目(2021GX050)

潍坊科技学院学科建设设施园艺专项(2021XKJS26)

山东省高校设施园艺重点实验室项目(2018YY014)

潍坊科技学院人才专项(KJRC2021001)