籽瓜及其近缘种表型遗传多样性分析

Analysis of phenotypic genetic diversity in edible seed watermelon and its relatives

摘要

解析籽瓜及其近缘种的遗传多样性和表型变异规律有助于筛选优异的籽瓜种质，为加快籽瓜育种提供基础。通过评价34个表型性状，并利用相关性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析探究了244份籽瓜及其近缘种的遗传多样性。结果表明，表型变异系数为11.32%~84.59%，香农-威纳多样性指数为0.63~2.08。其中，变异系数最大的为果肉中心硬度，多样性指数最大的是叶片长、叶柄长、叶柄粗和节间长。聚类分析将244份材料分为两大组群，组群Ⅰ共有138份材料，主要由籽瓜、阿马鲁西瓜、部分黏籽西瓜和毛西瓜构成，种子长、千粒重和子叶较大，叶裂较深，果肉硬度较高。组群Ⅱ共有106份材料，主要由普通西瓜、部分籽瓜、黏籽西瓜和毛西瓜构成，叶片、果实较大，果肉颜色以红色为主，籽粒较小，大多数材料为单性花。主成分分析将34个表型性状综合成9个主成分，累积贡献率为70.44%。综合分析，参试的籽瓜及其近缘种种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性，可为籽瓜遗传育种工作提供理论基础。

Abstract

Analyzing the genetic diversity and phenotypic variation patterns of edible seed watermelon and its relatives can help select superior germplasm and provide a basis for accelerating edible seed watermelon breeding. The genetic diversity of 244 edible seed watermelon and its relatives was investigated by evaluating 34 phenotypic traits and using correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that the phenotypic coefficient of variation ranged from 11.32% to 84.59%, and the Shannon-Weiner diversity index ranged from 0.63 to 2.08. Among them, the largest coefficient of variation was center hardness, and the largest diversity indices were leaf blade length, petiole length, petiole thickness and internode length. Cluster analysis divided the 244 materials into two major clusters. Cluster Ⅰ consisted of 138 materials, which were mainly composed of seeded watermelon, amaru watermelon, partially sticky-seeded watermelon and hairy watermelon, with larger seed length, thousand seeds mass, and cotyledons, with deeper leaf cleavage (deep fissure), and higher pulp hardness. Cluster II had a total of 106 materials, consisting mainly of common watermelon, partially seeded watermelon, sticky seeded watermelon and hairy watermelon, leaf and fruit are larger, mostly red flesh colour, small seeds and unisexual flowers for most of the materials. The principal component analysis combined 34 phenotypic traits into 9 principal components, with a cumulative contribution of 70.44%. In the comprehensive analysis, the participating edible seed watermelon and its relatives have rich genetic diversity, which can be used as a theoretical basis for genetic breeding of edible seed watermelon.

关键词

籽用西瓜 / 表型性状 / 遗传多样性

Key words

Edible seed watermelon / Phenotypic traits / Genetic diversity

参考文献

[1] 林德佩. 西瓜属(Citrullus Schrad.)的分类系统研究[J]. 中国瓜菜, 2015, 28(5): 1-4.

[2] 刘启振. 西瓜引种中国及其本土化研究[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2019.

[3] 陈菁菁, 许勇, 张建农, 等. 我国籽用西瓜生产与研究进展[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2015(12): 12-18.

[4] 柳唐镜, 汪李平. 籽瓜(籽用西瓜)产业前景展望[J]. 北京农业, 2007(32): 13-15.

[5] 张玉秀, 赵文明. 籽瓜种子营养成分研究Ⅱ. 籽瓜种子脂肪酸成分分析[J]. 中国西瓜甜瓜, 1992(2): 18-19.

[6] 王翠平. 籽瓜抗氧化及抗肿瘤活性研究[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2011, 39(29): 17833-17836.

[7] 赵多勇, 李应彪, 翟金兰, 等. 籽瓜系列产品的开发现状与存在问题[J]. 北方园艺, 2008(4): 100-102.

[8] 于海彬. 籽用西瓜种子生长发育规律与种质资源遗传多样性研究[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2010.

[9] 周远航, 鲁伟丹, 马小龙, 等. 籽瓜种质资源表型性状鉴定及遗传多样性分析[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2023, 28(8): 119-132.

[10] 赵靓, 战勇, 张恒斌, 等. 灌水量和种植密度互作对籽瓜产量及籽粒性状的影响[J]. 北方园艺, 2020(22): 1-9.

[11] 王旭辉, 王卉, 山其米克, 等. 我国籽瓜的开发现状与研究进展[J]. 北方园艺, 2018(6): 149-153.

[12] PANDEY A, KHAN M K, ISIK R, et al. Genetic diversity and population structure of watermelon (Citrullus sp.) genotypes[J]. Biotech, 2019, 9(6): 210.

[13] 解慧芳, 牛静, 邢璐, 等. 117份谷子核心种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性分析[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2023, 51(13): 76-81.

[14] 康泽然, 王晓磊, 魏云山, 等. 绿豆种质资源主要农艺性状、经济性状遗传多样性分析及综合评价[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2022, 50(21): 36-41.

[15] 乔玲, 陈红霖, 王丽侠, 等. 国外绿豆种质资源农艺性状的遗传多样性分析[J]. 植物遗传资源学报, 2015, 16(5): 986-993.

[16] 贾宋楠. 黏籽西瓜与籽用西瓜种质遗传性状及抗病性评价[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学, 2013.

[17] 石磊. 籽用西瓜种质资源遗传多样性的分析和核心种质库的构建[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2017.

[18] 谢春立. 黏籽西瓜与籽瓜亚种间杂交种性状遗传研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学, 2011.

[19] RENNER S S, WU S, PEREZ-ESCOBAR O A, et al. A chromosome-level genome of a kordofan melon illuminates the origin of domesticated watermelons[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021, 118(23): e2101486118.

[20] NGWEPE R M, MASHIL J, SHIMELIS H. Progress in genetic improvement of citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides:):A review[J]. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2019, 66(3): 735-758.

[21] FREDES A, ROESLLO S, BELTRAN J, et al. Fruit quality assessment of watermelons grafted onto citron melon rootstock[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2017, 97(5): 1646-1655.

[22] THIES J A, ARISS J J, HASSELL R L, et al. Grafting for management of southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita,in watermelon[J]. Plant Disease, 2010, 94(10): 1195-1199.

[23] TETTEH A Y, WEHNER T C, DAVIS A R. Inheritance of resistance to powdery mildew race 2 in Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus[J]. HortScience, 2013, 48(10): 1227-1230.

[24] PAL S, RAO E S, SRIRAM S. Genetic analysis of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum race 2 in cultivated watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb) Matsum & Nakai][J]. Australasian Plant Pathology, 2020, 49(3): 319-326.

[25] 孙艳楠, 路耿新, 李冠义, 等. 燕麦种质资源形态学性状的遗传多样性[J]. 西北植物学报, 2024, 44(1): 112-121.

[26] 马双武, 刘君璞. 西瓜种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2005.

[27] 纪海波. 西瓜种质资源表型多样性研究[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2013.

[28] 贾平平, 靳娟, 阿布都卡尤木·阿依麦提, 等. 新疆118个枣品种表型性状比较分析[J]. 西北农业学报, 2023, 32(6): 887-898.

[29] 代攀虹, 孙君灵, 何守朴, 等. 陆地棉核心种质表型性状遗传多样性分析及综合评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(19): 3694-3708.

[30] 赵世豪. 167份西瓜种质资源遗传多样性分析[D]. 郑州: 河南农业大学, 2017.

[31] 杨涛, 黄雅婕, 李生梅, 等. 海岛棉种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性分析及综合评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(12): 2499-2509.

[32] 魏书洞, 孙晓雪, 孟川, 等. 引进大白菜种质资源表型多样性分析[J]. 中国瓜菜, 2023, 36(11): 40-49.

[33] 牛雪婧, 王新栋, 王金萍, 等. 高粱地方种质资源表型多样性分析及综合评价[J]. 植物遗传资源学报, 2024, 25(4): 562-575.

基金资助

兵团科技计划项目(2024AB025)

兵团农业科技创新工程专项(NCG202227)