不同瓜类作物耐盐碱性鉴定方法初探

A preliminary study on the identification of salinity tolerance in different Cucurbitaceae crops

摘要

为了评估葫芦、南瓜、甜瓜和西瓜在盐碱胁迫条件下的耐盐碱性，为盐碱地的合理利用和耐盐碱品种的选育提供科学依据，选取葫芦(丰砧一号)、南瓜(丰乐金甲)、甜瓜(金露三号)和西瓜(中蜜一号)4个品种，在3叶1心期使用单一盐(NaCl)、混合盐碱(NaCl + Na₂SO₄ + NaHCO₃ + Na₂CO₃)和混合盐(KNO₃ + K₂SO₄)三种盐碱溶液对幼苗进行处理，通过苗期盐害指数评估和极差分析进行品种耐盐性分析鉴定。结果表明，中蜜一号对单一盐溶液浓度变化最敏感，盐害指数在200 mmol·L^-1时最大；丰乐金甲对单一盐溶液的浓度变化最不敏感。对于混合盐碱溶液，金露三号对浓度变化最敏感，盐害指数在200 mmol·L^-1时最大；丰乐金甲对混合盐碱溶液的浓度变化最不敏感。混合盐溶液处理中，中蜜一号对浓度变化最敏感，盐害指数在200 mmol·L^-1时最大；丰乐金甲对混合盐溶液的浓度变化最不敏感。南瓜在盐碱胁迫下表现出较强的耐盐碱性，适合在轻度至中度盐碱地种植；而葫芦、甜瓜和西瓜的耐盐碱性较弱，不适宜在盐碱地种植。这些结果为盐碱地的合理利用和耐盐碱品种的选育提供了科学依据。

Abstract

In order to evaluate the salt-alkali tolerance of bottle gourd, squash, melon, and watermelon under saline-alkali stress, and provide a scientific basis for the rational use of saline-alkali land and the breeding of salt-alkali resistant varieties, four cultivars-bottle gourd (Fengzhen 1), squash (Fengle Jinjia), melon (Jinlu 3), and watermelon (Zhongmi 1) were selected. Three types of salt-alkali solutions, namely single salt (NaCl), mixed salt-alkali (NaCl + Na₂SO₄ + NaHCO₃ + Na₂CO₃), and mixed salt (KNO₃ + K₂SO₄), were used to treat the seedlings at 3 three-leaf-one-heart growth stage. The salt-alkali tolerance of the varieties was analyzed and identified through evaluation of the salt injury index and range analysis. The experimental results showed that Zhongmi 1 was the most sensitive to concentration variations in single salt solution treatment, with the highest salt injury index at 200 mmol·L^-1, while Fengle Jinjia was the least sensitive. For mixed salt-alkali solution treatment, Jinlu 3 was the most sensitive to concentration changes, with a significant increase in the salt injury index at 200 mmol·L ^-1, while Fengle Jinjia was the least sensitive. In the case of mixed salt solution treatment, Zhongmi 1 was the most sensitive, with a significant increase in the salt injury index at 200 mmol·L^-1, while Fengle Jinjia was the least sensitive. Except for Zhongmi 1, the other three cultivars were sensitive to concentration differences in mixed salt-alkali solution. Squash exhibited strong salt-alkali tolerance and were suitable for cultivation in mildly to moderately saline-alkali land, while bottle gourd, melon and watermelon had weaker salt-alkali tolerance and not suitable for cultivation in saline-alkali land. These findings provide a scientific basis for the rational utilization of saline-alkali land and the breeding of salt-alkali resistant varieties.

关键词

西瓜 / 甜瓜 / 南瓜 / 葫芦 / 耐盐碱 / 苗期盐害指数

Key words

Watermelon / Melon / Squash / Cucurbit / Salt-alkali tolerance / Seedling salt damage index

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基金资助

2023年安徽省西瓜甜瓜良种联合攻关项目

2023年国家西瓜甜瓜育种联合攻关任务