矿物生物炭对戈壁沙培番茄根际微环境、生长及产量的影响

Effects of mineral biochar on rhizosphere microenvironment, growth, and yield of tomato in Gobi desert sand

摘要

为探究矿物生物炭在戈壁日光温室沙化土壤改良应用中的作用机制，在常规施肥的基础上，通过设置不同水平矿物生物炭(0、375、750、1500和3000 kg·hm^-2)试验处理，研究其对番茄根际微生物、土壤养分以及番茄生长和产量的影响。结果表明，增施矿物生物炭可使黄沙土pH略微下降，当矿物生物炭施入量为3000 kg·hm^-2时，土壤pH较不施矿物生物炭的对照显著降低；当矿物生物炭施入量为750 kg·hm^-2时，土壤速效钾含量较对照显著提高71.45%；当矿物生物炭施入量为1500 kg·hm^-2时，土壤有机质含量较对照显著提高18.54%；当矿物生物炭施入量为3000 kg·hm^-2时，土壤有效磷含量较对照显著提高26.07%；当矿物生物炭施入量为750 kg·hm^-2时，番茄根际细菌、放线菌和真菌数量分别较对照显著增加82.51%、63.75%和363.30%；番茄叶面积、株幅、根冠比和果实可溶性固形物含量均随着生物炭施入量的增加不断增大，而产量随着矿物生物炭增加呈先升高后降低的趋势，当矿物生物炭施入量为1500 kg·hm^-2时，番茄单株产量达到最高，为8.06 kg。综上，矿物生物炭用量1500 kg·hm^-2处理对戈壁日光温室沙化土壤改良及番茄产量提升等综合效果最佳。

Abstract

In order to explore the mechanism of mineral biochar in improving desertification soil in Gobi solar greenhouse, different levels of mineral biochar (0, 375, 750, 1500 and 3000 kg·hm^-2) were set up for experimental treatment on the basis of conventional fertilization to study their effections on tomato rhizosphere microorganisms, soil nutrients, and tomato growth and yield. The results showed that the application of mineral biochar could slightly reduce the pH of yellow sandy soil, and when the application amount of mineral biochar reached 3000 kg·hm ^-2, the soil pH was significantly lower than the control group without mineral biochar. When the application amount of mineral biochar reached 750 kg·hm^-2, the content of available potassium in soil increased significantly by 71.45%. When the application amount of mineral biochar reached 1500 kg·hm^-2, the content of organic matter in soil increased significantly by 18.54%. When the application amount of mineral biochar reached 3000 kg·hm^-2, the content of available phosphorus in soil increased significantly by 26.07%. When the application amount of mineral biochar reached 750 kg·hm^-2, the number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in tomato rhizosphere increased significantly by 82.51%, 63.75% and 363.30%, respectively. The leaf area, plant width, root-shoot ratio and fruit soluble solids content increased with the increase of biochar application, while the yield index first increased and then decreased. When the application amount of mineral biochar reached 1500 kg·hm^-2, the tomato yield per plant reached the maximum of 8.06 kg. To sum up, the treatment with mineral biochar at the dosage of 1500 kg·hm^-2 has the best comprehensive effect on improving desertification soil and increasing tomato yield in Gobi solar greenhouse.

关键词

矿物生物炭 / 戈壁日光温室 / 沙培番茄 / 根际微环境 / 生长 / 产量

Key words

Mineral biochar / Gobi desert sunlight greenhouse / Sand-cultivated tomato / Rhizosphere microenvironment / Growth / Yield

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基金资助

甘肃省第二批陇原青年英才(WWS2023001)

甘肃省青年科技基金计划项目(22JR5RH1032)