117份高抗晚疫病马铃薯种质资源遗传多样性分析

Genetic diversity analysis of 117 potato germplasm resources with high resistance to late blight

摘要

以117份高抗晚疫病马铃薯种质资源为试验材料，通过遗传多样性指数、变异系数及聚类分析等方法，对117份试验材料的26个性状进行分析。结果表明，20个质量性状的遗传多样性指数变化范围为0.35~1.61，6个数量性状变异系数大小排序依次为:主茎数>块茎产量>株高>干物质含量>茎粗>淀粉含量，遗传多样性指数变化范围为0.99~1.50。通过聚类分析，117份试验材料被划分为4类，第Ⅰ类材料多样性丰富，整体性状表现优良，比较符合现有栽培品种的性状特点；第Ⅱ类材料平均产量较高，聚合了我国主栽的4个高抗晚疫病马铃薯品种，可作为晚疫病抗性育种亲本；第Ⅲ类材料主茎数较多，植株整体表现为短日照类型，可作为抗性育种的抗原材料；第Ⅳ类材料包含4份资源，产量最高，可直接用于生产和育种亲本。对117份材料进行 R8分子标记检测，其中104份资源含有 R8基因，可作为晚疫病抗性基因聚合育种的基础材料。

Abstract

This study used 117 potato germplasm resources with high resistance to late blight preserved in the National Potato Germplasm Resource Bank as experimental materials. Through methods such as genetic diversity index, coefficient of variation, and cluster analysis, 26 traits of 117 experimental materials were analyzed. The results showed that the genetic diversity index of 20 qualitative traits ranged from 0.35 to 1.61. The order of variation coefficients for the 6 quantitative traits was: Number of main stems>tuber yield>plant height>dry matter content>stem diameter>starch content. The genetic diversity index ranged from 0.99 to 1.50. Through cluster analysis, 117 experimental materials were divided into 4 categories. The first category of materials has rich diversity and overall excellent performance, which is more in line with the characteristics of existing cultivated varieties. The average yield of Class II materials is relatively high, which aggregates four high resistance potato varieties mainly planted in China and can be used as direct parents for late blight resistance breeding. The third type of material has a larger number of main stems and the overall plant exhibits a short day type, which can be used as antigen materials for resistance breeding. The fourth type of resource contains four resources, with the highest yield performance and can be directly used for production and breeding of parents. Through R8 molecular marker detection on 117 materials, 104 resources contain R8 gene, which can be used as the basic material for late blight resistance gene aggregation breeding.

关键词

马铃薯 / 晚疫病 / 遗传多样性 / 抗性基因

Key words

Potato / Late blight / Genetic diversity / Resistance gene

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基金资助

国家马铃薯种质资源安全保存项目(19230823)

黑龙江省农业创新跨越工程(CX23TS24)

黑龙江省农业科学院院级课题(2020YYYF003)