不同颜色地膜和增施生物有机肥对甜瓜生长、光能利用效率及果实品质的影响

Effects of different colors of film mulching and additional application of bio-organic fertilizer on the growth, light energy use efficiency and fruit quality of melons

摘要

为探究不同颜色地膜和增施生物有机肥对甜瓜生长发育和光能利用效率的调控效应，在大田条件下以甜瓜为试材，研究了3种不同颜色地膜覆盖[黑膜(B)、黑白相间膜(W)、上银下黑双色膜(S)]和3种生物有机肥施肥量[1800 kg·hm^-2(H)、1200 kg·hm^-2(M)、600 kg·hm^-2(L)]对甜瓜生长发育、产量和光能利用效率(PUE)的影响。结果表明，不同颜色地膜处理下，S膜处理甜瓜的平均生物产量、经济产量和PUE较覆透明膜不施生物有机肥(CK)分别显著提高了23.35%、20.50%、23.61%，且显著高于W膜和B膜。甜瓜生育前期，在提高甜瓜叶面积指数和比叶质量方面表现为S膜＞W膜＞B膜，生育后期为S膜＞B膜＞W膜。S膜覆盖甜瓜果实可溶性糖和维生素C含量较CK分别显著提高了13.52%和26.21%，可滴定酸含量显著降低了17.07%。在不同处理组合下，SM、SH较其他组合处理增加了甜瓜全生育期的蔓长和比叶质量、果实膨大期和成熟期的叶面积指数及成熟期的茎粗，提高了甜瓜果实可溶性糖和维生素C含量，降低了可滴定酸含量。在产量和光能利用效率方面，SM、SH处理的生物产量、经济产量和PUE较CK分别显著提高了24.54%、22.98%、23.61%和24.95%、21.74%、25.00%。综上，建议河西走廊沙漠绿洲灌区甜瓜种植地膜颜色为上银下黑双色膜，增施生物有机肥用量为1200 kg·hm^-2。

Abstract

In order to investigate the regulatory effects of different colors of mulch and additional application of bio-organic fertilizer on the growth, development and light energy use efficiency of melons, the effects of 3 different colors of mulch [black mulch (B), black and white mulch (W), and top silver and bottom black mulch (S)] and 3 kinds of bio-organic fertilizers [1800 kg·hm^-2 (H), 1200 kg·hm^-2 (M), and 600 kg·hm^-2 (L)] on the growth, development, yield and light energy use efficiency (PUE) were investigated under field conditions. The results showed that under different colors of film treatment, the average biological yield, economic yield, and PUE of melons treated with S film were significantly increased by 23.35%, 20.50%, and 23.61%, respectively, compared to those treated with transparent film without bio-organic fertilizer (CK), and were significantly higher than that of W film and B film. The improvement of leaf area index and specific leaf mass showed S film＞W film＞B film in the early stage, and it was S film＞B film＞W film in the late stage. The soluble sugar content and vitamin C of melon fruits covered with S film were significantly increased by 13.52% and 26.21%, respectively, while the content of titratable acid was significantly reduced by 17.07%, compared to that of CK. Under different treatment combinations, SM and SH increased the vine length, specific leaf mass, and leaf area index throughout the entire growth period of melon, as well as the stem thickness during fruit enlargement and maturity. They also increased the soluble sugar and vitamin C content of melon fruits, while reducing the titratable acid content. In terms of yield and light energy use efficiency, SM and SH treatment significantly increased biological yield, economic yield and PUE by 24.54%, 22.98%, 23.61% and 24.95%, 21.74% and 25.00%, respectively, compared with CK. In conclusion, it is recommended that the color of the ground film for melon cultivation in the desert oasis irrigation area of the Hexi Corridor is upper silver and lower black bi-color film, and the fertilizer application rate of additional bio-organic fertilizer is 1200 kg·hm^-2.

关键词

甜瓜 / 有色地膜 / 生物有机肥 / 生长发育 / 光能利用效率

Key words

Melon / Colored mulch / Bio-organic fertilizer / Growth and development / Light energy use efficiency

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基金资助

甘肃省青年科技基金项目(23JRRD0001)

甘肃省水利科学试验研究及技术推广项目(23GSLK041)