不同缓释肥对樱桃番茄植株生长及基质养分特性的影响

Research on the effect of different slow-release fertilizers on the growth of cherry tomato plants and nutrient properties of the substrate

摘要

为探究不同缓释肥养分释放规律及对樱桃番茄植株生长、果实品质和基质养分的作用效果，以常规水溶肥为对照(CK)，以包膜型缓释肥(H1)、磷酸盐有机缓释肥(H2)及磷酸盐无机缓释肥(H3)为处理，采用土柱淋溶试验，结果表明，3种缓释肥均减缓了速效养分的释放，包膜型缓释肥(H1)15 d前氮素释放率低于其他2种缓释肥，在60 d后与磷酸盐有机缓释肥(H2)效果一致，且在80 d后释放率达到最高，包膜型缓释肥养分释放规律更符合樱桃番茄生长发育需求。针对不同缓释肥对樱桃番茄生长的影响，采用田间盆栽试验，结果表明，与常规水溶肥相比，施用3种缓释肥均可显著提升基质速效养分含量，H1、H2处理速效磷和速效钾含量均高于H3处理，且H2处理的速效养分含量低于H1处理。与CK相比，3种缓释肥显著提高番茄可溶性固形物、维生素C、可溶性糖含量，可溶性糖含量分别提升了21.30%、19.73%、14.27%；3种缓释肥促进番茄植株生长、提高产量，单位面积产量分别提高了31.03%、20.13%、21.69%。通过相关性分析得出，基质速效氮、速效钾含量与番茄植株茎粗、叶面积、可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关，主成分与隶属函数综合分析表明，各缓释肥处理综合得分均高于CK，且包膜型缓释肥综合得分最高。综上，施用缓释肥可有效保障樱桃番茄生长中的养分高效利用，包膜型缓释肥更有利于樱桃番茄植株生长和果实品质形成。

Abstract

To investigate the nutrient release pattern of different slow-release fertilizers and their effects on the growth of cherry tomato plants, fruit quality, and nutrients in the substrate, this experiment was conducted with conventional water-soluble fertilizers as a control, and treated with coated slow-release fertilizer (H1), phosphate organic slow-release fertilizer (H2) and phosphate inorganic slow-release fertilizer (H3). To analyze the nutrient release pattern of different types of slow-release fertilizers, a soil column leaching test was performed. The results showed that three slow-release fertilizers significantly slowed down the release of available nutrients. The nitrogen release rate of coated slow-release fertilizer (H1) was lower than that of other slow-release fertilizers before 15 days, but it was consistent with that of phosphate organic slow-release fertilizer (H2) after 60 days, and the release rate reached the maximum after 80 days. To investigate the impact of different slow-release fertilizers on the growth of cherry tomatoes, a field pot experiment was conducted. The slow-release fertilizer were more suitable for the growth and development of tomato. The results showed that the application of three slow-release fertilizers could significantly increase the content of available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the matrix. The content of available nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus in H1 and H2 were significantly higher than those in H3 treatment, and the content of available nutrients in H2 treatment was lower than that in H1 treatment. Compared to the control, the three slow-release fertilizers obviously increased the content of vitamin C, soluble sugar, soluble solids, and the sugar-acid ratio of tomato, and the soluble sugar content have been elevated by 21.30%, 19.73%, and 14.27%, respectively. What’s more, they promoted tomato plant growth and increased yield by 31.03%, 20.13%, and 21.69%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the content of available nitrogen and available potassium in the substrate were significantly positively correlated with the stem diameter, leaf area and soluble sugar content of tomato. As indicated by principal component analysis, the composite score of each slow-release fertilizer was higher than that of the control, and the comprehensive performance of coated slow-release fertilizer was better than others. In conclusion, using slow-release fertilizers can effectively guarantee the efficient use of nutrients in the growth of bunch cherry tomatoes, and the film-encapsulated slow-release fertilizers are more suitable for the vegetative growth of bunch string-harvested plants and the formation of fruit quality.

关键词

缓释肥 / 养分释放规律 / 基质养分 / 番茄品质

Key words

Slow-release fertilizer / Nutrient release rule / Matrix nutrients / Tomato quality

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基金资助

吴忠市自治区级农业高新技术产业示范区建设专项(2021WZYQ0002)