砧用瓠瓜对枯萎病的抗性配合力及遗传分析

Analysis on combining ability and genetics of resistance to Fusarium wilt of rooted bottle gourd

摘要

探讨砧用瓠瓜对枯萎病的抗性遗传规律，明确砧用瓠瓜种质的育种利用价值，为瓠瓜抗枯萎病育种的亲本选择和杂种后代的抗病表型预测提供参考依据。利用对瓠瓜枯萎病表现不同抗性水平的4份砧用瓠瓜材料作为亲本，按Griffing完全双列杂交方法配制杂交组合，采用苗期伤根灌注法接种瓠瓜枯萎病病原菌，统计病情指数，分析抗病配合力；采用Hayman遗传分析方法探讨抗性遗传规律。结果表明，砧用瓠瓜枯萎病的抗性遗传符合“加性-显性-上位性”模型，以加性效应为主，显性程度为部分显性，显性方向为减效，抗病亲本中显性基因占比较大，抗病性狭义遗传力为77.68%；砧用瓠瓜材料H041的一般配合力为负向效应，且负向效应最大，极显著提高杂交后代的抗病性，以其为亲本配制的杂交组合具有较高的特殊配合力。因此，在枯萎病抗性育种中，应尽可能选用抗病性强的亲本进行杂交育种；H041可作为瓠瓜抗枯萎病育种的骨干亲本，在较早世代进行选择更有利于配制出杂种优势强的杂交种。

Abstract

The genetic pattern of resistance to calabash Fusarium wilt of rooted bottle gourd was explored, to provide reference for parental selection of calabash Fusarium wilt resistance and phenotypes prediction in hybrid progeny. Four materials with different resistance to calabash Fusarium wilt were used as parents to formulate hybrid combinations by Griffing complete diallel hybridization method. The pathogens of Fusarium wilt was inoculated the using root perfusion at seedling stage, and the disease index was calculated to analyze the resistance and combining ability. Hayman genetic analysis method was employed to explore the inheritance of resistance. The result showed that the inheritance of resistance to calabash Fusarium wilt was consistent with the additive-dominance-epistasis model, with additive effects as the main effect, partial dominance as the degree of dominance, and reduced dominance as the direction of dominance. The resistant parents contain more dominant genes than recessive genes, and the narrow heritability of resistance was 77.68%. The general combining ability (GCA) of H041 was negative, and the negative effect was the largest among the four materials, which could significantly improve the disease resistance of the hybrid offspring. Formulating hybrid combinations with H041 as the parent have a high specific coordination ability (SCA). In summary, in the process of breeding for wilt resistance, the parents with strong disease resistance should be selected for hybrid breeding. H041 can be used as the backbone parent for the breeding for wilt resistance in bottle gourd, and selection in earlier generations is more conducive to formulating hybrids with strong heterosis.

关键词

瓠瓜 / 枯萎病 / 配合力 / 加性-显性-上位性

Key words

Bottle gourd / Fusarium wilt / Combining ability / Additive-dominance-epistasis

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(31660568)

广西自然科学基金项目(2023GXNSFAA026508)

广西科技重大专项(桂科AA17204039-2)

广西科技重大专项(AA17204026-1)