甜瓜新镰刀菌果腐病病原菌 Fusarium asiaticum 药剂敏感性测定及田间土壤处理方法的筛选

Sensitivity determination of Fusarium asiaticum, a pathogen causing fruit rot in melon, and screening of effective treatment method in field

摘要

为了探讨不同药剂对甜瓜新镰刀菌果腐病病原菌 Fusarium asiaticum 的抑菌效果，明确不同化学药剂和微生物菌剂协同施用对根际土壤微生物群落的影响，采用菌丝生长速率法测定 F. asiaticum 对不同药剂的敏感性，并利用宏基因组测序分析不同化学药剂和微生物菌剂对根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明，50%咪鲜胺锰盐 WP 对 F. asiaticum 菌丝生长具有明显抑制效果，其 EC₅₀值为 0.03 mg·L^-1。基于宏基因组测序分析，不同化学药剂和微生物菌剂协同处理使根际土壤微生物的多样性差异显著；同时显著提高放线菌门 Actinobacteriota、枝孢菌属 Cladosporium 等有益菌群丰度。土壤熏蒸剂“棉隆”+聚谷氨酸有机肥+谷乐丰 88 亿菌微生物菌剂协同处理的根际土壤微生物的丰富度和多样性均有所提高，且在处理组中对病原镰刀菌的田间防治效果最佳。研究结果揭示了不同化学药剂和微生物菌剂协同施用对土壤微生物群落的影响，可为甜瓜田间防治镰刀菌提供参考。

Abstract

To investigate the antibacterial effects of different pesticides on Fusarium asiaticum, the pathogen of fruit rot disease in melon, and to clarify the effects of synergistic application of different chemical and microbial agents on the rhizosphere soil microbial community, the mycelial growth rate method was employed to determine the sensitivity of F. asiaticum to different pesticides, and the effects of different chemical and microbial agents on the structure of rhizosphere soil microbial communities were analyzed using metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that 50% prochloraz manganese salt WP had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of F. asiaticum hyphae, with an EC₅₀ value of 0.03 mg·L^-1. Based on metagenomic sequencing analysis, the synergistic treatment of different chemical and microbial agents resulted in significant differences in the diversity of rhizosphere soil microorganisms, while significantly increasing the abundance of beneficial bacterial communities such as Actinobacteriota and Cladosporium. The synergistic treatment of soil fumigant "Mianlong" + polyglutamic acid organic fertilizer + Gulefeng 8.8 billion microbial agents has improved the richness and diversity of rhizosphere soil microorganisms, and the field control effect on the pathogenic Fusarium spp. is the best in the treatment group. The research results revealed the effects of synergistic application of different chemical agents and microbial agents on soil microbial communities, which can provide reference for the field control of Fusarium spp. in melon.

关键词

甜瓜果腐病 / 药剂敏感性 / 化学药剂 / 微生物菌剂 / 土壤微生物

Key words

Melon fruit rot disease / Drug sensitivity / Chemical agents / Microbial agents / Soil microorganism

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基金资助

多粘类芽孢杆菌菌肥研发及示范应用(2023JH03010033)

浙江省西甜瓜良种育繁推科技创新平台(ZJ2019-80)

国家西甜瓜产业技术体系(CARS-25)