不同施氮量对荸荠生长、产量及氮素利用效率的影响
高美萍 , 陶运荣 , 蒋慧萍 , 胡一凤 , 林志城 , 方彦蓉 , 欧阳秀 , 江文
中国瓜菜 ›› 2024, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (11) : 153 -157.
不同施氮量对荸荠生长、产量及氮素利用效率的影响
Effects of different nitrogen application rates on growth, yield and nitrogen accumulation of water chestnut
为实现荸荠生产中肥料的高效利用,以全国荸荠主栽品种桂蹄3号为供试材料,设置4个施氮梯度,不施氮处理(CK)、120 kg·hm-2(N1)、240 kg·hm-2(N2)和360 kg·hm-2(N3),测定其生长指标、产量和氮素含量,并进行综合分析。结果表明,与不施氮肥相比,增施氮肥能显著促进荸荠的生长发育。随着施氮量的增加,荸荠株高、分蘖数、匍匐茎等生长指标均显著增加;而总氮素积累量随施氮量增加呈先增后减趋势。在N2水平下,产量及产量构成因子、总氮素积累量达最大值。进一步分析表明,随着施氮量增加,氮肥偏生产力下降,而氮肥贡献率、氮肥农学效率、氮肥吸收利用率和氮肥生理利用率均呈先升后降趋势,且在N2处理达到最大值。综上所述,240 kg·hm-2(N2)水平最有利于荸荠产量提高。
In order to realize the efficient use of fertilizer in the production of water chestnut, the main variety Guiti 3 was used as the experimental material, four nitrogen application gradients were set up, and no nitrogen fertilizer treatments (CK), 120 kg·hm-2 (N1), 240 kg·hm-2 (N2) and 360 kg·hm-2 (N3) were applied. The growth index, yield and nitrogen content were determined and analyzed comprehensively. The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer could significantly promote the growth and development of water chestnut. The growth indexes such as plant height, tiller number and stolon increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application, and nitrogen accumulation increased first and then decreased. At N2 level, nitrogen accumulation and yield of all organs reached the maximum. The effects of different nitrogen application rates on nitrogen use efficiency of water chestnut were comprehensively analyzed, and the results showed that the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. However, the contribution rate of nitrogen fertilizer, agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, absorption and utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and physiological use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer all showed an upward trend, and reached the maximum value in N2 treatment. To sum up, the level of 240 kg·hm-2 (N2) is the most beneficial to increase the yield of water chestnut.
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国家自然科学基金(32060677)
广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB23026151)
广西特色八步马蹄试验站(TS202125)
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