施用锌肥对甜瓜产量、品质及锌累积的影响

Effects of zinc fertilizer application on yield, quality and zinc accumulation in melon

摘要

为探明锌肥供应量对甜瓜产量、品质以及锌累积的影响，于2020年、2021年采用田间试验，研究了6个施锌水平下(ZnSO₄·7H₂O 0、15、30、45、60、75 kg·hm^-2)甜瓜生长及锌运转过程。结果表明，施锌量为30 kg·hm^-2时，单瓜质量和商品瓜产量达到最高，可溶性固形物和维生素C含量达到较高水平。甜瓜籽粒的锌含量(w,后同)最高，叶片、果肉次之，茎秆中最低，其中茎在苗期时最低，为2.88 mg·kg^-1，籽粒在成熟期最高，达到63.40 mg·kg^-1。施锌量为30 kg·hm^-2和45 kg·hm^-2时，成熟期籽粒的锌含量分别为60.90 mg·kg^-1、63.40 mg·kg^-1(2020年)和57.32 mg·kg^-1、61.03 mg·kg^-1(2021年)，高于其他施锌水平。甜瓜单株锌累积量为8.27~12.95 mg, 籽粒是锌累积的主要器官。施锌量为30 kg·hm^-2条件下，膨果至成熟阶段锌吸收强度最高达到0.37 mg·d^-1(2020年)、0.32 mg·d^-1(2021年)，锌阶段吸收量达到7.30 mg (2020年)、6.27 mg (2021年)，锌累积量达到12.78 mg (2020年)和12.10 mg (2021年)，与施锌量为45 kg·hm^-2处理无显著差异，但高于其他处理。综合考虑产量、品质和锌吸收累积，在河西灌区甜瓜生产中土施锌肥为30 kg·hm^-2是适宜的施用方案。

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different Znic rate on yield, quality and the principles of assimilation and accumulation of Zn element based on different fertilization. The experiment was conducted in Hexi Corridor from 2020 to 2021. A single factor randomized block design was used with Soil ZnSO₄·7H₂O rates of 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 kg·hm^-2. By analyzing yield, quality and Zn concentrations in vegetative tissues of melon, the influences on Zn distribution, and the relative contributions of Zn remobilization and post-anthesis shoot Zn uptake to seeds Zn accumulation were evaluated. Optimal results regarding single fruit mass and commercial fruit yield were obtained with a zinc application rate of 30 kg·hm^-2, whereas highter levels for soluble solids content and vitamin C were recorded. The content of zinc in melon seeds was the highest, followed by leaf and pulp, and the lowest in stems. The stems was the lowest at seedling stage (2.88 mg·kg^-1), and the seeds was the highest at maturity stage (63.40 mg·kg^-1). When the amount of zinc was 30 kg·hm^-2, the zinc content of seeds at maturity were 60.90 mg·kg^-1 (2020) and 57.32 mg·kg^-1 (2021), and when the amount of zinc was 45 kg·hm^-2, the zinc content of seeds were 63.40 mg·kg^-1 (2020) and 61.03 mg·kg^-1 (2021), respectively, which was higher than other zinc application levels. These findings indicate that melon plants exhibit their highest zinc absorption intensity during the maturity stage. The total accumulation of zinc of melon during the entire growth period ranged from 8.27 to 12.95 mg, with kernels being the primary site of zinc accumulation. Furthermore, it was significantly promoted zinc absorption and accumulation when the the amount of zinc applied 30 kg·hm^-2. The maximum zinc absorption intensity reached 0.37 mg·d^-1 (2020) and 0.32 mg·d^-1 (2021), and zinc absorption reached 7.30 mg (2020) and 6.27 mg (2021) at the expansion to maturity stage. Under the same condition, the zinc accumulation reached 12.78 mg (2020) and 12.10 mg (2021). These results were similar to the application rate of 45 kg·hm^-2, and higher than other treatments. Considering yield, quality, and zinc absorption and accumulation, the soil application of 30 kg·hm^-2 zinc fertilizer considered as a suitable application scheme.

关键词

甜瓜 / 绿洲灌区 / 锌吸收量 / 锌累积量

Key words

Melon / Oasis irrigation area / Zn absorption / Zn accumulation

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基金资助

国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-25)

甘肃省现代农业科技支撑体系区域创新中心重点科技项目(2020GAAS02)

国家农业环境张掖观测实验站(ZX03S2801)