食药用菌的基因组学研究进展

Advances in genomics of edible and medicinal fungi

摘要

以食药用菌为研究对象，概述了食药用菌的基因组测序现状及基于基因组测序的基因挖掘和改造等方面的应用。据 NCBI 数据，担子菌基因组测序数据有 980 条记录；子囊菌基因组测序数据有 3850 条记录，目前有 130 余种食药用菌已经完成基因组测序工作。比较基因组学在灵芝、香菇、樟芝等部分真菌中的应用，为研究该物种的遗传多样性、进化和次生代谢物的生物合成奠定了基础。CRISPR/Cas9 基因编辑技术可以快速高效地实现食药用菌基因的精准编辑，包括基因敲除、点突变和基因插入等操作。基因组学的研究将有助于改善食药用菌的品质、提高其营养价值，甚至开发新品种，并促进食药用菌产业的可持续发展。

Abstract

Here we present a comprehensive overview of the current status of genome sequencing in edible and medicinal fungi, as well as the application of gene mining and modification based on this technology. As of March 2024, NCBI reports a total of 980 basidiomycete genome sequencing records and 3850 ascomycete genome sequencing records. Additionally, numerous studies have successfully completed genome sequencing for over 130 species of edible and medicinal fungi. Comparative genomics has been applied to investigate genetic diversity, evolution, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in specific fungi such as Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinus edodes, and Antrodia camphorata. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology enables precise manipulation of genes in edible fungi through knockout, insertion, or point mutation operations. These advancements hold great potential for enhancing the quality and nutritional value of edible fungi while facilitating the development of new varieties to promote sustainable growth in the industry.

关键词

食药用菌 / 核基因组 / 线粒体基因组 / 基因挖掘 / CRISPR/Cas9

Key words

Edible and medicinal fungi / Nuclear genome / Mitochondrial genome / Gene mining / CRISPR/Cas9

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基金资助

黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2022SW01)