C/N对陶粒强化蔬菜废弃物好氧堆肥过程和产品品质的影响

Effects of C/N on aerobic composting process and product quality of ceramic-enriched vegetable wastes

摘要

蔬菜废弃物的结构性差不利于堆肥处理。用陶粒做结构调理剂，研究C/N对陶粒强化蔬菜废弃物好氧堆肥过程的影响。试验设置4个处理，用玉米粉调节蔬菜废弃物的C/N，SP1、SP2、SP3的初始C/N分别为15、20、25，不加陶粒的SP4的C/N为20。结果表明，SP4 50 ℃以上仅持续2 d, SP1~SP3持续8~16 d, 陶粒有利于蔬菜废弃物堆肥升温，能明显加快堆肥进程。SP2升温速度最快且温度最高，60 ℃以上4 d, 有机质的降解率为21.82%，也显著高于其他组。SP1、SP2、SP3最终的pH分别为8.46、8.19、8.00，EC值分别为3.85、3.78、3.79 mS·cm^-1，C/N均小于14。SP2和SP3最终种子发芽指数分别为101.1%和91.4%，达到腐熟要求，而SP1仅为56.7%，未完全腐熟。且SP2、SP3相比SP1，有效提高了产品的总氮含量，最终总氮含量分别为初始值的1.42、1.55倍。综上所述，蔬菜废弃物加陶粒堆肥，初始C/N为20是最优条件，有利于加快有机质的降解和稳定过程，延长堆肥高温期，保证产品的安全性。

Abstract

The poor structural properties of vegetable wastes are not favorable for their composting process. In this study, the effect of C/N on the aerobic composting process of pottery-enhanced vegetable waste was investigated by using pottery as a structural conditioner. The experiment was set up with four treatments, adjustment of C/N of vegetable wastes with cornstarch. The initial C/N of SP1, SP2, and SP3 were 15, 20, and 25, respectively, and the C/N of SP4 without ceramics was 20. The results showed that SP4 above 50 ℃ lasted only 2 d, SP1-SP3 lasted 8-16 d. Ceramic pellets are beneficial to vegetable waste compost warming, which can significantly accelerate the composting process. SP2 had the fastest and highest warming speed and temperature, above 60 ℃ for 4 d, and the degradation rate of organic matter was 21.82%, which was also significantly higher than the other groups. The final pH of SP1-SP3 were 8.46, 8.19 and 8.00, and the EC value was 3.85, 3.78 and 3.79 mS·cm^-1, and the C/N was less than 14, of which the final seed germination indices of SP2 and SP3 were 101.1% and 91.4%, respectively, which reached the requirement of decomposition, and the GI value of SP1 was only 56.7%, which was not fully decomposed. And SP2 and SP3 effectively increased the total nitrogen content of the products compared with SP1, and the final total nitrogen content was 1.42 and 1.55 times of the initial value, respectively. This study showed that vegetable waste plus ceramic compost with initial C/N 20 was the optimal condition, which was conducive to accelerating the degradation and stabilization process of organic matter, and the high heap temperature could ensure the safety of the product.

关键词

好氧堆肥 / 蔬菜废弃物 / C/N / 陶粒 / 氮损失

Key words

Aerobic composting / Vegetable waste / C/N / Ceramic granule / Nitrogen loss

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(51508367)

国家自然科学基金项目(51908380)