不同采样环节对黄瓜中农药残留测定结果的影响

Effects on the determination results of pesticide residues in cucumber by different sampling steps

摘要

为明确黄瓜中农药残留风险评估不确定性的因素及其影响程度，对山西省抽取的300个黄瓜样品采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱和气相色谱串联质谱仪测定75种农药检出数量、检出率和超标率。结果显示，黄瓜样品农药检出率为97.3%，检出农药39种，检出率最高的农药为霜霉威；黄瓜中农药残留的种类和数量存在种植季节和种植地区的差异，一季度农药残留的检出率和超标率大于二季度，南部地区的农药残留检出率和检出农药数量较中部地区高。综上所述，不同采样时间、不同采样地区和不同点数(村)，黄瓜中农药残留均存在一定的差异，这种差异的存在可能是由于各地独特的气候环境、种植环境的多样性、病虫害的区域性特征及长期以来形成的农业用药传统所共同作用的结果。该结论对指导各地黄瓜农药残留的取样与分析具有一定的借鉴意义。

Abstract

This article aims to clarify the factors and degree of uncertainty in risk assessment of pesticide residues in cucumbers. A total of 300 cucumber samples were collected from Shanxi province by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer for the determination of 75 pesticides. The results indicated that the detection rate of pesticide residues in cucumber samples was 97.3%, with a total of 39 different types of pesticides detected, among which, the pesticide with the highest detection rate was fluconazole in cucumber. There were differences in the types and quantities of pesticide residues in cucumber between different planting season and planting region. The detection rate and exceeding standard rate of pesticide residues in the first quarter were higher than those in the second quarter, while the detection rate and quantity of pesticide residues in the southern region were higher than those in the central region. In summary, there were some differences in pesticide residues in cucumber with different sampling time, sampling areas and different points (villages), which may be caused by the unique climatic environment, the diversity of planting environment, the regional characteristics of diseases and pests, and the long-established tradition of agricultural drug use. This conclusion has certain reference significance to guide the sampling and analysis of cucumber pesticide residues in different places.

关键词

黄瓜 / 农药残留 / 采样环节 / 不确定性

Key words

Cucumber / Pesticide residues / Sampling stages / Uncertainty

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金青年项目(32202284)

山西省农业科学院农产品质量安全与检测研究所科研项目(194102)

山西省重点研发计划项目(2022ZDYF122)

山西省基础研究计划项目(202203021222181)

山西省基础研究计划项目(202203021222176)

山西省高等学校科技创新计划项目(2021L127)