套养蚯蚓对土壤重金属消解及鲜食番茄产量和品质的影响

Effects of intercropping earthworms on soil heavy metal remediation and the yield and quality of fresh tomato

摘要

为探明套养蚯蚓对土壤重金属的消解及对鲜食番茄产量、品质的影响，以鲜食番茄普罗旺斯为试材，蚯蚓套种套养为处理(T1)，以常规种植为对照(CK)，通过测定不同时期土壤理化性质和重金属含量变化，调查分析番茄产量及果实品质等指标。结果表明，与 CK 相比，蚯蚓取食 90 d 后，土壤 pH 显著降低，全盐、有机质、全氮、全磷、水解氮、速效钾和细菌数量分别显著增加 212.7%、921.3%、358.5%、116.1%、312.4%、71.2%和 191.7%；蚯蚓取食 150 d 后，铅、砷、铬、镍、镉和汞等重金属总含量降低 53.8%；番茄产量较 CK 显著提高 7.7%，可溶性糖、维生素 C、番茄红素和钙含量分别显著提高 0.41 个百分点、13.6 mg·100 g^-1、20.48 mg·kg^-1和 41.5 mg·kg^-1，硝酸盐含量显著下降 35.5%，氨基酸总量显著提高 1.18 个百分点。综上所述，与 CK 相比，套养蚯蚓可以显著降低土壤重金属含量，提高土壤养分和质量，能够促进番茄产量增加和品质提升。研究结果为进一步开展鲜食番茄与蚯蚓套种套养的研究与应用奠定了良好的理论基础。

Abstract

In order to explore the digestion of heavy metals in the soil by inter-cultivating earthworms and its effects on the yield and fruit quality of fresh tomato, the inter-cropping and interbreeding of fresh tomato Provence and earthworms were used as the treatment (T1), and the conventional planting was used as the control (CK). By measuring the changes in soil physicochemical properties and heavy metal content at different times, the yield of tomato and fruit quality were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that compared with CK, after 90 d of earthworm feeding, the soil pH decreased significantly, the content of total salt, organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium, total phosphorus, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available potassium, and the number of bacteria increased significantly by 212.7%, 921.3%, 358.5%, 116.1%, 312.4%, 71.2% and 191.7% respectively; after 150 d of earthworm feeding, the total amount of heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, chromium, nickel, cadmium, and mercury decreased by 53.8%; after the tomato matured, by measuring the yield and fruit quality indicators, the yield increased significantly by 7.7%, and the content of soluble sugar, vitamin C, lycopene, and calcium increased significantly by 0.41 percent point, 13.6 mg·100 g^-1, 20.48 mg·kg^-1, and 41.5 mg·kg^-1, respectively. The nitrate content decreased significantly by 35.5%, and the total amino acid content increased significantly 1.18 percent point. In summary, inter-cultivating earthworms can significantly reduce the content of heavy metals in the soil, increase soil nutrients and quality, and can promote the increase in tomato yield and quality, laying a good theoretical foundation for further research and application of inter-cropping and interbreeding of fresh tomato and earthworms.

关键词

鲜食番茄 / 套养蚯蚓 / 土壤重金属 / 氨基酸

Key words

Fresh-eating tomato / Raising earthworms in sets / Heavy metals in soil / Amino acid

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基金资助

宁夏回族自治区重大科技成果转化项目(2022CJE09008)

2017年宁夏回族自治区青年拔尖人才(温学萍)培养项目