四种杀虫剂对平菇菌丝及子实体的安全性评价
张智颖 , 马林 , 曲绍轩 , 蒋宁 , 李辉平 , 侯立娟 , 林金盛 , 徐平 , 王伟霞 , 李福后
中国瓜菜 ›› 2024, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (12) : 109 -115.
四种杀虫剂对平菇菌丝及子实体的安全性评价
Evaluation of the safety of four insecticides on mycelium and substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus
为研究除虫脲、呋虫胺、高效氯氰菊酯和氯虫苯甲酰胺4种杀虫剂对平菇菌丝和子实体生长的影响,采用拌料和喷雾两种方式对平菇进行药剂处理,使用液相色谱-质谱联用法和气相色谱法对其残留情况进行分析,并研究4种杀虫剂对蚊蝇类双翅目害虫的防治效果。结果表明,4种杀虫剂对平菇菌丝生长抑制率最高的是氯虫苯甲酰胺,达14.39%,其他3种药剂抑制率均较低。拌料处理中,100 mg·L-1除虫脲和高效氯氰菊酯对平菇子实体产量的影响较小,第一潮菇的生物转化率在56%以上;喷雾处理中,100 mg·L-1高效氯氰菊酯与呋虫胺对平菇产量的影响较小,第一潮菇的生物转化率在57%以上。呋虫胺对蚊蝇类双翅目害虫的防治效果最好,虫口减退率可在97.1%以上。平菇拌料处理子实体中均未检测出高效氯氰菊酯和氯虫苯甲酰胺农药残留;喷雾处理子实体中4种供试药剂均未超出残留限量。综上所述,平菇拌料处理可选用高效氯氰菊酯药剂,喷雾处理可选用呋虫胺药剂,对平菇子实体产品的安全性影响较小。
The objective of this study is to examine the impact of four insecticides, specifically diflubenzuron, dinotefuran, beta-cypermethrin and chlorantraniliprole, on the growth of the mycelium and fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus. The pharmacological treatment of P. ostreatus employs both mixing and spraying techniques. The residues were subjected to analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography (GC). A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of four insecticides against dipteran pests, specifically mosquitoes and flies. The results demonstrated that the highest inhibitory efficacy of the four insecticides on the mycelium of P. ostreatus was 14.39% for chlorantraniliprole. The remaining three agents exhibited lower inhibition rates. The impact of diflubenzuron in conjunction with beta-cypermethrin in the mixing treatment on the production of P. ostreatus substrates was found to be insignificant. The initial flush of mushrooms was subjected to a bioconversion process, resulting in a conversion rate of over 56%. The application of beta-cypermethrin and dinotefuran in spray treatments has been observed to exert a minimal influence on the yield of P. ostreatus. The bioconversion rate of the initial flush of mushrooms was in excess of 57%. Dinotefuran has been demonstrated to be the most effective chemical agent against mosquitoes and flies, which are classified as dipteran pests. The rate of population reduction can reach as high as 97.1%. The analysis of the treated substrates of P. ostreatus revealed the absence of beta-cypermethrin and chlorantraniliprole pesticide residues. Residue limits for all four insecticides tested were not exceeded in sprayed substrates. Overall, beta-cypermethrin can be used for mixing treatment of P. ostreatus, and dinotefuran can be used for spraying treatment. The impact on the safety of P. ostreatus substrate products is minimal.
| [1] |
中国食用菌协会. 2022年度全国食用菌统计调查结果分析[J]. 中国食用菌, 2024, 43(1): 118-126. |
| [2] |
马林, 顾鲁同, 曲绍轩, |
| [3] |
田丹梅, 刘起林, 高康, |
| [4] |
曹娜, 王祎璠, 陈青君, |
| [5] |
刘伟, 蔡英丽, 何培新, |
| [6] |
毛瑞男, 邢浩特. 大食物观下我国粮食安全保障路径研究[J]. 学习与探索, 2024(2): 127-135. |
| [7] |
|
| [8] |
刘婷婷, 李春青, 王娟娟, |
| [9] |
张琼. 我国食用菌出口遭遇贸易壁垒的困境与破解对策[J]. 产业与科技论坛, 2020, 19(6): 11-12. |
| [10] |
佚名. 2023年前三季度我国121批次出口食用菌产品被扣留(召回)[J]. 食药用菌, 2023, 31(6): 409. |
| [11] |
李嘉, 王舒婷, 吴晓红, |
| [12] |
尹硕, 吴迪, 罗雪婷, |
| [13] |
边银丙, 肖扬, 郭孟配. 食用菌病害防控研究进展[J]. 食用菌学报, 2021, 28(5): 121-131. |
| [14] |
李建波, 何璞. 我国食用菌双翅目害虫种类和防治研究现状[J]. 中国植保导刊, 2017, 37(11): 19-25+37. |
| [15] |
赵玲丽. 无公害平菇病虫害防治技术[J]. 乡村科技, 2016(13): 25. |
| [16] |
房魏, 柳文进, 王海玲, |
| [17] |
何秀玲. 害虫抗药性研究与治理状况概述[J]. 世界农药, 2013, 35(5): 34-38. |
| [18] |
刘先超, 常培丹, 彭熙, |
| [19] |
陈强, 刘子语, 王国红, |
| [20] |
樊玉萍, 杨凤仙, 张姣, |
| [21] |
冯小飞, 赵宁, 孙紫宇, |
| [22] |
雷雨霞, 李红玉, 李蝶, |
| [23] |
中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会, 中华人民共和国农业农村部, 国家市场监督管理总局. 食品安全国家标准植物源性食品中331种农药及其代谢物残留量的测定液相色谱-质谱联用法:GB 23200.121-2021[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2021. |
| [24] |
中华人民共和国农业部. 蔬菜和水果中有机磷、有机氯、拟除虫菊酯和氨基甲酸酯类农药多残留的测定:NY/T 761-2008[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2008. |
| [25] |
中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会, 中华人民共和国农业农村部, 国家市场监督管理总局. 食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量:GB 2763-2021[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2022. |
| [26] |
刘长虹. 菇蚊蚤蝇综合防控[J]. 天津农林科技, 2013(5): 12. |
| [27] |
李怡萍, 孙立娟, 刘亚娟, |
| [28] |
樊中臣, 唐俊, 操海群, |
| [29] |
李红玉, 李蝶, 邵凡旭, |
国家食用菌产业技术体系(CARS-20)
江苏省现代农业(蔬菜)产业技术体系(JATS﹝2023﹞320)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |