宁南山区设施芹菜水氮耦合效应研究

Study on coupling effect of water and nitrogen of celery plant in mountainous area of southern Ningxia

摘要

针对宁南山区水资源短缺、设施芹菜生产中水肥管理粗放、水肥利用效率低等问题，采用二因素二次通用旋转组合设计，通过田间试验和室内分析研究了设施芹菜生长发育、产量和品质对灌水量和施氮量的水肥耦合效应，为宁南山区设施芹菜高产、优质、高效、安全生产提供科学依据。结果表明，水氮耦合能显著促进芹菜的生长发育，增加植株的株高和茎粗，随着芹菜生育期的延长，株高和茎粗呈明显增加趋势，且不同试验组合间存在显著差异，SPAD值生育期内整体呈现缓慢上升的趋势，且组合间存在显著差异；水氮耦合对提高芹菜产量和改善品质有显著正效应，水氮组合1产量最高，为94.82 t·hm^-2，比产量最低的组合5增产9.26%，且水氮组合1的品质最好。过量的施用氮肥和灌水，反而会抑制芹菜品质的提升。在本试验条件下，经主效应分析得出水是影响芹菜产量的主要因素，由水肥耦合效应方程可得出最佳水和氮肥组合为灌水量1395 m³·hm^-2+氮肥施肥量337.5 kg·hm^-2，此组合可推广成为该地区设施芹菜的水肥管理制度。

Abstract

In order to solve the problems of shortage of water resources, extensive management of water and fertilizer and low utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer in the production of celery. The design of two-factor quadratic universal rotation combination was adopted. Through field experiment and laboratory analysis, the effects of irrigation amount and nitrogen application amount on the growth, yield and quality of celery and the coupling effect of water and fertilizer were studied. The objective was to provide scientific basis for the high yield, high quality, high efficiency and safe production of celery in the mountainous area of southern Ningxia. The results showed that the coupling of water and nitrogen significantly promoted the growth and development of celery, and increased plant height and stem diameter. With the extension of the growth period of celery, plant height and stem diameter showed obvious increasing trend, and the difference among different experimental combinations was significant. SPAD value showed a slow rising trend during the growth period, and the difference was not significant during the growth period, but the difference between the combinations was significant. The coupling of water and nitrogen had significant positive effects on increasing the yield and improving the quality of celery. The highest yield of water-nitrogen combination 1 was 94.82 t·hm^-2, which was 9.26% higher than that of combination 5 with the lowest yield. Water and nitrogen combination 1 has the best quality. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation could inhibit the improvement of celery quality. Under the conditions of this experiment, the main effect analysis shows that water is the main factor affecting celery yield and plays the main effect role in the formation of celery yield. According to the coupling effect equation of water and fertilizer, the optimal combination of water and nitrogen fertilizer of celery in facilities could be obtained as follows: irrigation amount of 1395 m³·hm^-2 + nitrogen fertilizer amount of 337.5 kg·hm^-2, this combination can be extended to celery water and fertilizer management system for facilities in this area.

关键词

宁南山区 / 设施芹菜 / 水氮耦合 / 综合效应

Key words

Mountainous area of south Ningxia / Facilities celery / Water and fertilizer coupling / Combined effect

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基金资助

固原市科技研发类计划项目(2021GYFYF035)