茄果类蔬菜矿质元素特征分布与膳食风险评估

Distribution of mineral elements characteristics and dietary risk assessment in solanaceous vegetables

摘要

为了探究广西市售茄果类蔬菜矿质元素含量特征和食用安全性，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定了150份茄果类蔬菜样品中7种矿质元素(Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Mo、Co、Ni)和5种常见危害重金属(Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cr)含量并进行主成分分析及健康风险评估。结果表明，茄果类蔬菜中7种矿质元素平均含量排序为Fe＞Mn＞Zn＞Cu＞Ni＞Mo＞Co, 变异系数介于44.7%(Fe)~247.8%(Ni)，不同样品之间矿质元素含量差异较大；辣椒中6种矿质元素(Fe、Zn、Ni、Mn、Cu、Co)含量均最高。主成分分析结果显示，Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Co和Ni是广西市售茄果类蔬菜的特征无机元素，提取了2个主成分，累积方差贡献率为99.983%。茄果类蔬菜矿质元素综合得分排序为辣椒＞番茄＞茄子，表明辣椒中的有益矿质元素含量相对较高。茄果类蔬菜中5种重金属含量均未超过国家标准限量值，但存在Cd超标情况，辣椒、番茄和茄子超标率分别为10.4%、10.3%和8.0%。5种重金属对不同人群的目标危害系数(Target Hazard Quotient, THQ)和综合目标危害系数(Total Target Hazard Quotient, TTHQ)均远小于1。总体而言，儿童或成人食用广西市售茄果类蔬菜的膳食健康风险较低，处于安全级；但Cd是今后茄果类蔬菜需要重点监控的重金属污染因子。

Abstract

To investigate the mineral element content characteristics and food safety of solanaceous vegetables sold in Guangxi, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the content of 7 mineral elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, Co, Ni) and 5 common harmful heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cr) in 150 samples of solanaceous vegetables, and principal component analysis and health risk assessment were conducted. The results showed that the average content of seven mineral elements in solanaceous vegetables was ranked as follows: Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Ni>Mo>Co, with a coefficient of variation ranging from 44.7%(Fe) to 247.8%(Ni). There are significant difference in the mineral element content of different solanaceous vegetables samples. The content of six mineral elements (Fe, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cu, Co) in chilli pepper is the highest. The results of principal component analysis showed that Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co and Ni are characteristic inorganic elements of solanaceous vegetables sold in Guangxi. Two principal components were extracted, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 99.983%. The comprehensive score ranking of mineral elements in solanaceous vegetables is: chili pepper > tomato > eggplant. It indicated that the content of beneficial mineral elements in chili pepper is relatively high. The average content of five heavy metals in solanaceous vegetables did not exceed the national standard limit, but there were cases of Cd exceeding the standard, with an overall exceeding rate of 10.0%. Among them, the exceeding rates of chilli pepper, tomato, and eggplant were 10.4%, 10.3%, and 8.0%, respectively. The target hazard quotient (THQ) and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) of the five heavy metals for different populations are far less than 1. Overall, the dietary health risks of children or adults consuming solanaceous vegetables sold in Guangxi are relatively low and at a safe level. But Cd is a heavy metal pollution factor that needs to be closely monitored in solanaceous vegetable in the future.

关键词

茄果类蔬菜 / 矿质元素 / 重金属 / 主成分分析 / 风险评估

Key words

Solanaceous vegetables / Mineral element / Heavy metal / Principal component analysis / Risk assessment

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基金资助

国家农产品质量安全风险评估项目(GJFP20230604)