夜间弱光补光对番茄生长和源库间蔗糖转运及相关基因表达的影响

Effects of low-light supplemental light at night on tomato growth, sucrose transport and related gene expression between source and sink

摘要

夜间补光已成为设施蔬菜生产的重要手段，但多采用强光，耗能大、成本高，而夜间弱光补光对蔬菜生产的影响尚不清楚。为探讨夜间弱光补光对番茄生长和源库间蔗糖转运的影响，以 Micro Tom 番茄为材料，从植株 4 叶1 心时期到果实绿熟期，以不补光为对照(CK)，每天关灯 1 h 后进行 4 h 15(SL15)和 30 μmol·m^-2·s^-1(SL30)低于光补偿点的两种补光处理。结果表明，与 CK 相比，SL15 和 SL30 两个处理均显著提高番茄株高、茎粗和鲜质量；补光明显改善了根系形态，显著增加了总根长、总表面积和根尖数；补光促进开花，表现为开花株数和总开花数显著高于CK。以上生理指标 SL15 和 SL30 两个处理之间没有显著差异。与 CK 相比，SL15 处理显著降低了成熟叶片和茎(源)的蔗糖含量，提高了果实和根系(库)的蔗糖含量，促进了蔗糖转运基因 SUT1、 SUT4、 SWEET10b、 SWEET11b 和 SWEET14 在叶片、茎、果实和根系不同程度地上调表达，但叶片、茎、果实和根系 4 个器官总体的蔗糖含量没有显著差异。此外，SL15 处理显著提高了叶片、茎、果实和根系 4 个器官中与蔗糖转运相关激素脱落酸的含量及其合成和信号标志基因 NCED1、 AAO3 和 ABI5 的表达量。综上所述，夜间弱光补光可促进番茄生长及源库间蔗糖转运，研究结果为推广夜间弱光补光、降低补光成本、促进设施蔬菜高效绿色发展提供了新思路。

Abstract

Nighttime supplemental light has become an important means of facility vegetable production, but strong light is mostly used, which consumes a lot of energy and has a high cost. However, the effect of low-light supplemental light at night on vegetable production is still unclear. To investigate the effect of low-light supplemental light at night on the growth and sucrose transport between source and sink, Micro Tom tomato was used as the material. From the four-leaf and one-heart stage to the mature green stage, two supplemental light treatments of 15(SL15) and 30(SL30)μmol·m^-2·s^-1 bellowing the light compensation point for 4 hours were carried out after turning off the light for 1 hour at night every day, with no light supplementation as the control (CK). The results showed that both SL15 and SL30 treatments significantly increased plant height, stem diameter and fresh mass of tomato seedlings compared with CK. Supplemental light obviously improved root morphology and increased total root length, total surface area as well as root tip number. Supplemental light promoted flowering, manifested by increased the number of flowering plants and the total number of flowering plants. There was no significant difference in the above physiological indexes between SL15 and SL30. Compared with CK, SL15 treatment significantly reduced the sucrose content of mature leaves and stems (source), increased the sucrose content of fruits and roots (sink), and up-regulated the expression of sucrose transport genes SUT1, SUT4, SWEET10b, SWEET11b and SWEET14 to varying degrees in leaves, stems, fruits and roots. However, there was no significant difference in the overall sucrose content of leaves, stems, fruits and roots between CK and SL15 treatment. In addition, SL15 treatment significantly increased the content of abscisic acid that was related to sucrose transport, and improved the expression levels of its synthetic and signaling marker genes including NCED1, AAO3 and ABI5 in the leaves, stems, fruits and roots. In conclusion, nighttime low-light supplementation promotes tomato growth and sucrose transport between source and sink, which provides a new idea for promoting low-light supplementation to reduce the cost of supplemental light, and promotes the efficient and green development of facility vegetables.

关键词

番茄 / 夜间弱光补光 / 生长 / 蔗糖转运 / 脱落酸

Key words

Tomato / Low-light supplemental light at night / Growth / Sucrose transport / Abscisic acid

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基金资助

河南省高等学校重点科研项目(22A210008)