腐植酸尿素对土壤矿质氮含量及生菜品质的影响

Impacts of humic acid urea on soil mineral N content and quality of lettuce

摘要

为探究腐植酸尿素对蔬菜品质的影响，以半结球生菜为指示作物，设 CK (不施氮肥)、T1(常规尿素)、T2(腐植酸尿素)、T3(商品有机肥)4 个处理，测定根际和非根际土壤铵态氮、硝态氮含量及变化，以及生菜硝酸盐、草酸、亚硝酸盐、可溶性总糖、维生素 C 含量等品质指标，采用隶属函数法评价腐植酸尿素对生菜品质的综合影响。结果表明，与非根际土壤结果一致，腐植酸尿素处理的平均根际土壤矿质氮(铵态氮+硝态氮)含量(w)为 137.77 mg·kg^-1，高于其他处理，且以硝态氮为主。随着种植茬数增加，腐植酸尿素处理的土壤铵态氮、硝态氮富集率由正转负。腐植酸尿素处理的生菜可食部分鲜质量显著高于常规尿素处理。土壤铵态氮含量与可食部分鲜质量呈显著正相关，蔬菜硝酸盐含量与土壤硝态氮含量呈显著正相关。综上所述，腐植酸尿素有利于高品质蔬菜生产，但其对土壤铵态氮、硝态氮的调控机制仍需进一步研究。

Abstract

To investigate the impact of humic acid urea on vegetable quality, semi-heading lettuce was chosen as the indicator crop, and four treatments were implemented: CK (no nitrogen fertilizer), T1 (conventional urea), T2 (humic acid urea), and T3 (commercial organic manure). We measured the ammonium and nitrate nitrogen content and changes in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils, as well as various indicators of lettuce quality, including nitrate, oxalic acid, nitrite, soluble total sugar, and vitamin C. Using the membership function method, we analyzed the comprehensive effect of humic acid urea on lettuce quality. The results showed that the average mineral nitrogen content (ammonium nitrogen + nitrate nitrogen) in the rhizosphere soils under humic acid urea treatment was 137.77 mg·kg^-1, consistent with the results in non-rhizosphere soils. The nitrate nitrogen was the main soil mineral nitrogen type under humic acid urea treatment. The enrichment rates of soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen change from positive to negative followed the increase of cultivation. The fresh mass of the edible portion and the average quality membership function values under humic acid urea treatment was higher compared with common urea treatment. The correlation analysis showed that the soil ammonium nitrogen was significantly positive correlated with fresh weight of edible part, and the vegetable nitrate was significantly positive correlated with soil nitrate nitrogen. To sum up, humic acid urea is beneficial to high quality vegetable production, but its regulation mechanism of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soil needs further studied.

关键词

生菜 / 腐植酸尿素 / 矿质氮形态 / 根际土壤 / 品质

Key words

Lettuce / Humic acid urea / Mineral nitrogen types / Rhizosphere soil / Quality

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基金资助

江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金(BE2022311)

国家自然科学基金(32202608)

国家自然科学基金(32160758)

心连心院士研究基金(2020320104000637)

云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目(202005AC160043)