辽宁省玉米秸秆基质栽培糙皮侧耳菌株筛选评价

Screening and evaluation of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivars cultivated on corn straw substrate in Liaoning province

摘要

为筛选出适宜辽宁地区以玉米秸秆为主要栽培基质的优良糙皮侧耳菌株，以19个糙皮侧耳菌株为试验材料，对菌丝长势、满袋时间、污染率、生物学效率及农艺性状等指标进行测定和比较分析。结果表明，C14号菌株综合指标优于其他供试菌株，其母种和栽培种在玉米秸秆基质中菌丝长势均较好，生物学效率较高，为105.8%，子实体菌盖颜色深灰色，菌柄3.1~6.8 cm, 朵大韧性好，菇型紧凑，菌盖肥厚，中等大小，光泽好，可作为生产用优良菌株。C10、C2号菌株子实体性状一般，但其母种及栽培种在玉米秸秆基质中菌丝长势强、生物学效率高，利用秸秆能力强，可作为品种选育的备选材料。

Abstract

In order to screen the best strains of Pleurotus ostreatus suitable for cultivation with corn straw as the main substrate in Liaoning region, 19 P. ostreatus strains were used as test materials in this study, the growth rate of mycelia in PDA, the time of filling the bag, the contamination rate in cultivation bag, the biological efficiency and the agronomic characteristics of 19 strains were compared. The results showed that the growth of mycelia of stock culture and cultivation bag were not completely corresponding to the biological efficiency of fruiting body. In production, mycelium growth, fruiting body traits, biological efficiency and other index should be comprehensively considered for the selection of strains. The comprehensive characteristics of strain C14 were best, although the mycelium growth in PDA and corn stalk matrix were moderate, but its biological efficiency was high, its fruiting body was dark and compact, with short stalk, large and tough type, thick and medium size cap and thick edge. It can be used for the production of excellent strains. The fruiting body character of strain C10 and C2 were general, but their parent species and straw cultivation substrate had excellent characters on fast growth, biological efficiency and strong straw utilization ability, which could be used as an alternative parent material for breeding.

关键词

糙皮侧耳 / 菌丝 / 玉米秸秆 / 筛选评价

Key words

Pleurotus ostreatus / Mycelia / Corn stalk / Screening and evaluation

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基金资助

揭榜挂帅科技攻关专项资助项目(2021JH1/10400035)

辽宁省应用基础研究计划(2022JH2/101300160)

辽宁省农村科技特派计划(2022JH5/10400057)

辽宁省农业科学院院长基金(2022QN2303)

国家食用菌产业技术体系(CARS-20)