10份黔引生姜资源农艺性状及活性成分的分析评价

Analysis and evaluation on agronomic characters and active components of 10 ginger resources introduced in Guizhou

摘要

探明10份省外生姜资源和5份省内资源的生物学性状及品质表现，为贵州生姜产业发展及相关标准制定提供理论依据。采用水蒸气法、GC-MS及HPLC等技术测定不同生姜资源的农艺性状及活性成分含量。结果表明，单株产量＞500 g的有9份，其中，GZD单株产量最高。相关性分析表明，单株产量与姜球数量呈极显著负相关，与主茎叶片数呈极显著正相关；姜球直径与姜球数呈显著负相关，与分枝数呈显著正相关，与姜块宽度呈极显著正相关。JY干物质含量显著高于其他资源，达21.72%。HL的纤维素含量达1.384%，显著高于其他资源。根据精油组分，15份生姜可分为2种类型:I型11份，3种主要成分(α-姜烯，姜黄烯，α-法呢烯)含量之和约占总香气成分的50%；II型4份，3种主要成分含量之和＜30%。此外，除JY、FS外，其余13份生姜资源的6-姜酚含量(w,后同)均＞6 mg·g^-1，其中GZD的6-姜酚含量显著高于其他资源，为12.36 mg·g^-1。其中省外引种资源中GG、YJ和HL的产量和品质表现俱佳，单株产量均在500 g以上，干物质含量适中，为14.75%~17.20%，精油得率相对较高，为0.022~0.029 mL·g^-1，姜辣素含量为6.99~10.20 mg·g^-1，适宜在贵州种植。

Abstract

The biological characters and quality performance of 10 ginger resources outside the province and 5 resources within the province were investigated, which provided theoretical basis for the development of ginger industry in Guizhou and the formulation of relevant standards. Field investigation, water vapor method, GC-MS and HPLC techniques were used to study the agronomic properties of ginger resources from different sources and the content of ginger essential oil and gingerol. The results showed that there were 9 ginger resources with yield ＞ 500 g, GZD plant yield was the highest (670 g). The correlation analysis showed that the yield per plant was significantly negatively correlated with the number of rhizome and positively correlated with the number of main stem leaves. Rhizome width was positively correlated with plant height, branch number, stem and leaf weight and plant width. The diameter of ginger finger was negatively correlated with the number of ginger finger, positively correlated with the branch number and the width of Rhizome. The dry matter content of JY was significantly higher than that of others with 21.72%. There was no significant difference in dry matter content between HN and GDY, with 12.44% and 12.31%, respectively. The content of cellulose in HL was 1.384%, significantly higher than that of other resources. The 15 ginger accessions could be divided into 2 types according to the component contnet of essential oils: Type I (11 parts), α-gingerene ＞ 27%, curcumene ＞ 6%, α-farthene ＞ 12%, 3 main components content accounted for about 50% of the total aroma components; Type II (4 parts), sum of 3 main components content ＜ 30%. There were 13 samples with 6-gingeral content ＞ 6 mg·g^-1. The 6-gingeral content (12.36 mg·g^-1) of GZD was significantly higher than that of others. In summary, GG, YJ and HL have better production and quality performance than those from other provinces, single plant yield was above 500 g, the dry matter content was 14.75%-17.20%, the essential oils content was much higher, accounting for 0.022-0.029 mL·g^-1, the 6-gingeral content was 6.99-10.20 mg·g^-1. Inclusion, GG, YJ and HL are suitable for planting in Guizhou.

关键词

引种生姜 / 农艺性状 / 精油 / GC-MS / 姜辣素

Key words

Introduced ginger / Agronomic traits / Essential oil / GC-MS / Gingerol

参考文献

[1] 姚静静. 6-姜辣素调控巨噬细胞防治肺癌的作用机制研究[D]. 河南开封: 河南大学, 2019.

[2] 吴敦海. 鲜生姜汁面部推拿配合电针治疗面神经炎200例临床观察[J]. 中国实用医药, 2019, 14(36): 192-193.

[3] 刘鑫, 张宏伟, 傅若秋, 等. 生姜中姜酚类活性成分的抗肿瘤作用及其机制[J]. 第三军医大学学报, 2017, 39(9): 884-890.

[4] 国家药典委员会. 中华人民共和国药典[M]. 北京: 中国医药科技出版社, 2020.

[5] 谭金霞, 李萌, 韩太利, 等. 基于主成分和聚类分析评价山东地区生姜品质[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2021, 42(14): 14-20.

[6] 鲁萌萌, 李文茹, 周少璐, 等. 生姜精油化学成分及其抗菌活性[J]. 微生物学通报, 2021, 48(4): 1121-1129.

[7] 李锡香, 朱德藯, 杜永臣, 等. 姜种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2006.

[8] 鹿浩志, 刘敏轩, 田亚亚, 等. 生姜精油的提取及GC-MS分析[J]. 食品工业科技, 2019, 40(14): 208-213.

[9] 侯颖辉, 李德文, 于二汝, 等. 4个食用玫瑰品种在贵阳地区的生物学性状及其精油成分差异[J]. 西南农业学报, 2019, 32(10): 2419-2424.

[10] 赵明, 邹瑜, 何海旺, 等. 基于GC-MS的不同香蕉品种果实香气品质分析[J]. 西南农业学报, 2021, 34(5): 964-970.

[11] 崔秋兵, 张楠, 由耀辉, 等. 泡姜中5种姜辣素的HPLC含量测定[J]. 食品与发酵科技, 2022, 58(4): 144-147.

[12] 王淑荣, 李劲松, 樊庆林. 秦皇岛市大棚小黄姜栽培技术[J]. 中国农技推广, 2018, 34(2): 41-42.

[13] 李倩, 杨卫明, 汪端华, 等. 湖南省生姜资源主要农艺性状鉴定评价[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(25): 37-44.

[14] 徐坤, 赵德婉. 生姜农艺性状与产量的关系分析[J]. 河北农业技术师范学院学报, 1994, 8(4): 5-8.

[15] 李秀, 徐坤, 巩彪, 等. 生姜农艺性状与产量形成关系的多重分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(12): 2431-2437.

[16] 王磊. 生姜种质资源倍性分析及离体诱变与细胞悬浮培养技术研究[D]. 山东泰安: 山东农业大学, 2015.

[17] 孙亚玲, 宋计平, 许念芳, 等. 山东地区生姜贮藏保鲜技术要点[J]. 种子科技, 2019, 37(3): 44-45.

[18] 雷登凤. 生姜中膳食纤维的提取及改性研究[D]. 贵阳: 贵州大学, 2015.

[19] DA SILVA I M, ZANUNCIO J C, BRUGGER B P, et al. Selectivity of the botanical compounds to the pollinators Apis mellifera and Trigona hyalinata (Hymenoptera: Apidae) [J]. Scientific Reports, 2020, 10(1): 4820.

[20] 周洁, 覃竹山, 吴金平, 等. 生姜品质成分及姜辣素的比较[J]. 中国调味品, 2021, 46(12): 151-154.

[21] 卢敏, 黄艳, 陈艳艳, 等. 姜中姜辣素和黄酮的提取及抗氧化性研究[J]. 广州化工, 2022, 50(20): 51-54.

基金资助

贵州省农业科学院青年基金(黔农科院青年基金〔2020〕18号)

贵州省农业科学院青年基金(黔农科院青年基金〔2022〕27号)

贵州省科技支撑计划(黔科合支撑〔2021〕一般260)