不同成熟度鲜食嫩南瓜种子活力及生理生化特性研究

Study on seed vigor and physio-biochemical characteristics of fresh- Cucurbita moschata seeds of different maturity

摘要

为了探究鲜食嫩南瓜种子成熟过程中种子活力及生理生化特性的变化趋势，以自育品种为试验材料，对不同成熟度采收的种子活力指标和生理生化指标进行测定，分析他们之间的相关性。结果表明，随着种子的成熟，种子逐渐发育饱满，种皮木质化明显；授粉后45 d时种子已具有萌发能力，授粉后70 d种子活力最高；贮藏物质在授粉后35~50 d基本完成积累，脂肪、蛋白质、淀粉大量形成，而可溶性总糖和可溶性还原糖含量同期持续减少。吸胀8 h的南瓜种子中SOD、CAT、POD活性受MDA含量变化影响，随着成熟度的增加，呈先升高后降低再升高的变化趋势；各内源激素含量变化波动不同，其中SA与BR含量整体上呈显著增长趋势且高于其他激素，GA₃与ABA含量变化趋势相反，ETH含量授粉后35 d最高。相关性分析表明，种子活力指标与SOD、POD活性以及淀粉、粗脂肪、CTK、GA₃、IAA、BR、SA含量呈正相关，而与可溶性总糖、可溶性还原糖、蛋白质、MDA、ABA、ETH含量呈负相关。综上，不同成熟度对鲜食嫩南瓜种子质量和种子活力有显著影响。鲜食嫩南瓜种子发育过程中的生理生化过程复杂，伴随着贮藏物质的大量积累，抗氧化酶活性与MDA、内源激素含量不断变化。

Abstract

To explore the changes of seed vigor and physio-biochemical characteristics of fresh- Cucurbita moschata seeds during the maturation period, a self-breeding variety was used as materials to analyze the relationship of the vigor and physio-biochemical indexes of seeds with different maturity. The results showed that the seeds gradually developed plump morphology with the maturity, and the seed coat was obviously lignified. After 45 days post-anthesis (dpa), the seeds began to appear germinating ability and reached a peak at 70 dpa. During 35-50 dpa, the accumulation of stored substances was basically completed, and large quantities of fat, protein and starch were formed, while the content of total soluble sugar and soluble reducing sugar continued to decrease. With increased seed maturity, the activities of SOD, CAT and POD in seeds after 8 h imbibition were affected by MDA content, with a trend of first increasing and then decreased. The content of endogenous hormones varied, with of SA and BR showing a significant increasing trend overall and higher than other hormones, while GA₃ and ABA showed an opposite trend, and ETH was the highest at 35 dpa. Correlation analysis indicated that seed vigor indexes were positively correlated with SOD activity, POD activity, the contents of starch, crude fat, CTK, GA₃, IAA, BR and SA, but negatively correlated with the contents of total soluble sugar, soluble reducing sugar, protein, MDA, ABA and ETH. In conclusion, the development of fresh- Cucurbita moschata seeds was accompanied by the accumulation of storage substances, the increase and decrease of antioxidant enzyme activities and MDA content, the change of endogenous hormone content and the complex physio-biochemical process.

关键词

鲜食嫩南瓜 / 种子活力 / 生理生化特性 / 成熟度

Key words

Fresh- Cucurbita moschata / Seed vigor / Physio-biochemical characteristics / Maturity

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基金资助

贵州省科技支撑项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般212)

贵州省高层次创新型人才项目(黔科合平台人才[2016]5671)

贵州省科研机构创新能力建设专项资金项目(黔科合服企[2022]005)

贵州省蔬菜现代农业产业技术体系项目(GZCYTX2021-01)