顶坛花椒雄花花粉形态扫描电镜观测及生活力测定

Scanning electron microscopic observation and viability test of pollen grains of Zanthoxylum planispinum var. dintanensis

摘要

以顶坛花椒花为试验材料，使用 Eclipse E200 生物显微镜和 EM-30 Plus 型扫描电镜对其花样品进行形态学观察和花粉活力分析，旨在为顶坛花椒杂交育种提供科学依据。结果表明，顶坛花椒出现雌雄同株的现象，花粉成熟后花药呈鲜黄色，花粉粒为长球形，表面具细网状纹饰。不同单株花粉粒直径存在显著差异，其中 1 号单株的花粉粒直径最大(522.32 μm)，3 号单株的花粉粒直径最小(279.50 μm)。花粉的极轴长、赤道轴长、花粉大小及网孔直径的平均长度分别为 26.76、16.39、442.56 和 0.81 μm。花粉活力测试结果表明，1 号和 2 号单株的花粉活力较高，亚历山大染色率分别为 44.37%和 48.57%，但植株长势较弱；5 号单株的花粉活力较弱，亚历山大染色率仅有 6.67%，但整个植株长势正常，无衰弱迹象。研究结果可为顶坛花椒繁殖策略的制定提供生物学依据。

Abstract

The morphological observation and pollen vitality analysis of the Zanthoxylum planispinum var. dintanensis flower were conducted using an Eclipse E200 biological microscope and an EM-30 Plus scanning electron microscope. This study aimed to provide a scientific basis for the hybrid breeding of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. The results showed that there was a phenomenon of monoecious growth in the Zanthoxylum planispinum var. dintanensis. Upon maturation, the anthers turned bright yellow, and the pollen grains were elongated spheres with fine mesh patterns on the surface. Significant variations were observed among different individual plants, specifically, the pollen grain diameter of No. 1 was the largest (522.32 μm), while that of No. 3 was the smallest (279.50 μm). The average length of the polar axis, equatorial axis, pollen size, and mesh diameter of the pollen were 26.76, 16.39, 442.56, and 0.81 μm, respectively. Pollen vitality tests revealed that No. 1 and No. 2 exhibited high vitality, with Alexander staining rate of 44.37% and 48.57%, respectively, although their associated plant growth was relatively weak. Conversely, the pollen vitality of Individual No. 5 was low, with an Alexander staining rate of only 6.67%, while the overall growth of the plant appeared normal with no signs of weakening. These research findings provide a biological basis for understanding the reproductive strategy of the Zanthoxylum planispinum var. dintanensis.

关键词

顶坛花椒 / 形态构造 / 花粉粒大小 / 花粉活力

Key words

Zanthoxylum planispinum var. dintanensis / Morphological structure / Pollen size / Pollen vitality

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基金资助

贵州省科技厅中药现代化项目(黔科合 ZY 字〔2012〕3002 号)

贵州省林业厅项目(黔林科合 2018〔01〕)

贵州省科技厅成果转化项目(黔科合成果〔2019〕4233 号)

贵州省科技厅优秀青年科技人才项目(黔科合平台人才[20195643])

贵州省科技厅科技支撑项目(黔科合支撑〔2021〕222 号)

贵州省科技厅科技支撑项目(黔科合支撑〔2022〕一般 118 号)